Waiting To Be Signed · interviews on generative art, on-chain
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Interview // JUN 2023

MonkAntony

Title: Telling the Story of Generative Art
Role: Generative artist
Platform: fx(hash)
Duration: 1h 3m
Hosts: Will & Trinity
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#036 · Telling the Story of Generative Art
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MonkAntony: All right.

Will: Hello and welcome everyone to another episode of Waiting to Be Signed, a very special interview episode. We're joined today by Peter Bauman, AKA MonkAntony, as he's known online. If you have been around the fx(hash) world, the RightClickSave world, the Le Random world, you're probably very familiar with him. Trinity, of course, is with us as well. How's it going, everyone?

MonkAntony: Good, thank you. Thanks for having me. Great to be on.

Trinity: It's so exciting to have you on. We are on camera right now — you, the listeners, are not on camera with us, unfortunately — but I just wanted to call out, you have a very nice TENDER shirt on.

MonkAntony: Oh yeah.

Trinity: Wear your art, man.

MonkAntony: We all know him, another TENDER OG — Dan, who's on Twitter @idflood, with many Fs. He was very kind to gift this to me. So thank you very much, Dan.

Will: Is that a hand tie-dyed piece?

MonkAntony: Yeah, I think it's a one-of-one from what I understand. It was a really nice gift, not only from somebody from TENDER, but we work with Dan very closely at Le Random because he's building our website. He also did the RightClickSave and Club NFT sites. So definitely appreciate that.

Will: It's cool to have another founding TENDER member on the show. I'm sure we'll talk about that a bit, but I think a lot of what we're going to talk about is going to be all over the space — just your story in general, which I think could be a good place to start. An introduction from you, Monk: who are you, what's your background in art, coding, collecting? Do you even code? How'd you get into crypto and NFTs and generative art in general?

Trinity: And how did you start writing about them, also?

MonkAntony: Sure, thanks. I'll start with my background in art, or my love of art. It's something I've always been interested in visually. I always went to museums growing up as a kid — we had a membership to a modern art museum near us, and my sister worked there, so we'd go there quite a bit. I don't know if I "got it" as a kid, but something definitely seeped in — some interest and appreciation for it. I also think of film and music as art. I'm really into filmmakers like Tarkovsky, Claire Denis, and Kurosawa — I love that history of film as well. And music — Brian Wilson is one of my favorite artists ever, along with David Byrne and Brian Eno, and even today, Beach House, Fiery Furnaces, Panda Bear. So I don't think of art only visually; I've had this long love of it.

Another love of mine is history. I've always loved contextualizing where we are and how we got here. So at some point it was maybe natural to pair this love of history with this love of art. And I've always written professionally too — writing has been a big part of my career. I lived in Hong Kong for 12 years. I started out there teaching, then got two master's degrees while living there, in international relations — which I like to think of as the history of the news, how we got to current events. After that I did an MBA and was going to go into something related to diplomacy, but since I was in Hong Kong, it was natural for me to go into finance instead. I did that for a bit but really disliked the job — though that's kind of how I got more interested in tech and investing. I was actually covering Chinese tech for an equity research firm, which is a finance job, but really it's research and writing — you research companies and write about them. We were covering companies like Alibaba and Tencent. I despised that job and that life, so I ended up moving to Bangkok and working at the UN, at a place called the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific — kind of the UN's headquarters for Asia. I was doing writing and research there too, also tech-related — about tech for development, like how countries could most cost-efficiently deploy fiber optic cable, things like that. That's sort of how I got interested in blockchain and that side of things, and through getting into blockchain and crypto — investing in tech — I learned about NFTs and started learning about the art side.

I started collecting on Ethereum first, then moved to Tezos — Hic Et Nunc is where I started there. Through that is where I heard about fx(hash). I wasn't there day one, but maybe a couple weeks after it launched, and it was love at first sight. You hear a lot in the crypto space about community and how important it is, but a lot of what I'd experienced elsewhere didn't feel very authentic. Once I found fx(hash), I did feel that. A few weeks or about a month after being a pretty regular presence in the fx(hash) Discord, Kazi from TENDER and fx(hash) reached out to ask if I wanted to do some writing for TENDER. That was the first writing I'd done in this space — back in those early TENDER days, December 2021.

Trinity: And that was back when editorials were huge — that was a main value driver.

MonkAntony: That was kind of your ticket into the club — you wrote an editorial. I'd never written anything about the space before, so I was asked to write one. I had that background in writing, but it was my first time writing about this space. TENDER really was my start with writing about art.

Will: And that was your Farbteiler editorial, right? When that came out, the amount of references you packed into that piece — explaining historical connections to art — seeing where you are now, it makes so much sense. That was a pretty groundbreaking editorial compared to what others had written, myself included, where it's more just "here's what I like about this piece," and that's it. Yours had so much research put into it — it felt like a different level entirely.

Farbteiler — Erik Swahn

MonkAntony: That was what was so cool about TENDER and those editorials — Adam was very open, like, "you can do what you want." I don't really know where that came from — I didn't spend a huge amount of time on it, especially relative to other things I've done since. I was so interested in Farbteiler, and in the artist description, Erik Swahn didn't write that much about it. He put a little bit, but it wasn't super detailed, so it was open-ended — I could take it where I wanted. That was cool, because I was talking to Zach Lieberman recently, and he was talking about artists where he really wanted to get inside their head, see where they came from — and the artist he mentioned was Erik Swahn. I felt that same thing, this kind of inexplicable connection. Part of that is his use of color, something he clearly places a lot of importance on, and he traced that back to Johannes Itten and Bauhaus — Itten was one of the original Bauhaus instructors. So that piece, that collection, and that editorial, and getting invited by TENDER to write it, were all kind of serendipitous in a way.

Trinity: And around the same time, that was when you started tweeting every single day. I went back and looked at your early tweets, and for at least 200 days you said you'd try to write about a piece of generative art. I think it ended up being close to a whole year, right?

MonkAntony: It was just 200 days, because I was exhausted after those 200 days. I still tweet maybe more ad hoc about it, but that 200-day mega-thread was back in maybe February or January of last year.

Trinity: Still early days, yeah.

MonkAntony: Yeah, the collections had started to pile up, but nothing like how they've piled up now. I was just trying to wrap my head around everything that was coming out and get an idea of what I liked. That's where it started — pieces I liked, not necessarily ones I owned, and some of it was before the 1.0 release, during that period when there was going to be the "great burning." So part of it was wanting to highlight collections I liked a lot before the supply got burned. That was also one of the reasons I started doing that.

Will: It was such a fun exercise to follow — what's the next piece Monk's going to write about? I'm sure you inspired quite a few people to mint or collect on the secondary market at the time too, which must have felt pretty good.

Farbteiler — Erik Swahn

MonkAntony: What I really got out of it was that it was a good exercise in writing, because you have to be so concise in one tweet. I was already using a bunch of characters for the title and the artist, and if the title had a really long name, I'd think, "oh no, this one's going to be tough." But it was an exercise in using some of that vocabulary to write about art, and just thinking about what resonated with me — an exercise in concision, trying to say something even half interesting in about 80 characters, since I'd already used a bunch for the rest. That was another fun part of developing as a writer in this space.

Will: I think this could be a good segue to talk a little about your collecting. We browsed your wallets, of course, and you have a really eclectic collection. You're also still very active — a lot of people collected in the beginning and then stopped for a while, and you can see that gap in their minting history, where they just went away for six months. But it feels like you never took that break — you've always been engaged. So what do you look for in projects you're minting? What qualifies a project to make its way into the vault? And as you've delved more into research and self-education on the history of generative art, how has that learning influenced the way you collect now?

MonkAntony: You're definitely right about the eclectic nature of my collecting. I was looking at it the other day, and between MonkAntony and MonkAntonyBurner, I've got something like 100 pages of objects on OBJKT, which I had no idea was that much, to be honest. In terms of what I look for, I'm pretty agnostic about how famous an artist is or what chain they're on, although obviously everything on OBJKT is Tezos. If I like something and it's 1 tez, I have no problem getting it or minting several. If it's a little more expensive, I'll try to move things around to make it happen. That taste is similar to my music taste, which is also pretty eclectic — I listen to a lot of different genres, and I really like work that's experimental, that makes me feel something.

It's fun to talk to artists about this. I was fortunate to meet Kim Asendorf in Tokyo a few weeks ago when we were there for Bright Moments, and he's really into music too. We got into how different music makes us feel different things, and how art can produce those same feelings. Some of my favorite music is dream pop and shoegaze, and I've talked to Zach Lieberman about the exact same genres — Cocteau Twins, Beach House — and how that music just makes you feel a certain way. Visual art can do that too. Iskra's work has always had that really delicate, fuzzy quality — it sounds like Beach House to me, if that makes sense. When I see something that resonates like that, I go for it. I also just love going through the wallet of an artist or collector I respect, picking through it, and copying them. That's one of the best things you can do.

As for the difference between MonkAntonyBurner and MonkAntonyVault — there used to be one, but not really anymore. Vault now just means my earlier collection, with a lot of early pieces I picked up back then. At this point I pretty much only use the burner to mint new things. The vault is essentially offline; I'll occasionally send stuff there, but even that's become rarer. So it's not that I consider the vault special in any way — it's more just my offline hardware wallet.

Trinity: Would you say you're a generative art maxi? I think a lot of people in the fx(hash) community might say that, just because it's what we're primarily exposed to day to day. Has that been your primary point of contact within the blockchain art space?

Farbteiler — Erik Swahn

MonkAntony: I'm definitely not a maxi in the sense of only collecting pieces where the artist has ceded control to an autonomous system — a lot of the artists I love aren't necessarily generative. But the vast majority of what I've collected has come through fx(hash), so in that sense, yes.

You also asked how research has affected my collecting habits. I do think knowing the history informs how I collect — it helps me distinguish what's actually new from what's an imitation, and it pushes me to dig deeper into different artists. A lot of digital or generative artists are only just starting to get into NFTs, and they often have a much longer practice outside of that world. It's been cool to notice, through research or just talking to people, that some hugely influential artist has quietly started making NFTs and nobody's really talking about it yet — because they're not big names in this space, even though they were at the Whitney in 2001 and are in the MoMA permanent collection.

One example is Jason Salavon, who's in the permanent collections of LACMA, MoMA, and the Met, and was part of BitStreams at the Whitney in 2001. Artists from that generation — Casey Reas, Ben Fry, Zach Lieberman — that was a huge exhibition for them during their formative years, and I know Salavon directly inspired some of those now-huge names in the space. That kind of research and digging has really shaped how I collect. His new project actually just came out about a week ago.

Will: Is this Totem?

MonkAntony: Yeah, it's got a cool conceptual element. He comes from that more mainstream art world, so naturally it leans stronger on the conceptual side — though that's not always the case, obviously. He's been doing A.I. art since the early days, an OG in that space, and he's always had a lot of pop culture references in his work. This piece is no different — it's making a comment about wealth and income disparity. What's cool about the collection is that some pieces are priced around 60 ETH, which realistically will probably never sell, or at least not anytime soon —

Will: Right.

Farbteiler — Erik Swahn

MonkAntony: — but then there are pieces that are like five dollars. It's a fascinating collection in that respect, and a really interesting project overall.

Will: It's interesting that the community has such a hard time discovering these legacy, "trad world" artists who cross over. It's something we collectively want, but when it happens, those artists often aren't rewarded — collectors here don't know about them, aren't conditioned to collect them, or are skeptical of the price points, while their traditional-world collectors are skeptical of the medium they're now releasing work on. It feels like a lose-lose for them a lot of the time. Have you talked to any of these artists directly? I imagine you've gotten more into collecting them as well.

MonkAntony: A lot of them from the mainstream art world are skeptical of NFTs, especially the more pioneering generation — we'll get into generations more when we talk about Le Random. But two examples of huge pioneers I love and have been fortunate to speak with: one is Michael Noll. He was in the first Howard Wise Gallery show in 1965, the first public gallery computer art exhibition outside a university setting.

Will: He made the Mondrian piece, right?

MonkAntony: Right — that experiment with computer composition using line. I've had a long phone conversation with Noll, and he's very skeptical of NFTs and of releasing his work that way. I think he has a pretty negative view of them, which he shares with a lot of people outside this space who associate NFTs with monkey JPEGs, scams, rug pulls — "snake oil" is literally what he called them. With someone like him, it's a slow process. You're not going to change his mind in one email or one phone call. But maybe over time, sharing things with him — I've even shared Tender with him — since he's also disparaged the quality of work being produced as NFTs, which is kind of ridiculous, as we all know.

Trinity: When you have that much volume, of course there are going to be areas where quality is lesser. But we're seeing so much volume, and the stuff that's great is truly art — I don't think anybody can say otherwise. And that goes for everything released, not just the pieces with a high floor.

Farbteiler — Erik Swahn

MonkAntony: Absolutely. There are other artists I've spoken to, like Roman Verostko, another pioneer — the Verostko Center is becoming interested in digitizing his work, so he's working with Ira Greenberg on that. I know Ira's been on your show and may have mentioned it. There are definitely pioneers who, even if they haven't released NFTs yet, or only a few have, are interested and will likely release more in the future.

Another is Rebecca Allen, an artist I absolutely love — a video art pioneer who basically invented motion capture art. Arguably, in the late '70s, she made the very first GIF, before that file format even existed — a short video that continuously repeats. She directed some of Kraftwerk's music videos in the '80s. She's phenomenal, and she's been hugely inspirational to contemporary artists like Operator, who've been directly impacted by her work with the human body and motion. I've been fortunate to talk to her too, and she's also skeptical of NFTs, though she has released one. So she's another example, like Jason Salavon —

Will: Right.

MonkAntony: — of someone with a decades-long, celebrated museum career who's just started releasing NFTs, but hasn't been given the recognition it deserves. Rebecca Allen and Sol LeWitt are two great examples of celebrated mainstream artists just now entering the space.

Will: In your role at Le Random, are you approaching these artists not just to say "we love your work and revere your place in this history," but also "we want to publish you and bring you to the world"? Is that an aspect of Le Random people might not be aware of yet?

MonkAntony: For sure. We're trying to encourage some of these artists to release work as NFTs, and to demonstrate that there's a market for it — that there are serious collectors who know about their work, their history, their legacy, and their impact. That's definitely part of it. Another part is that we want to talk to them, hear their stories, interview them, ask them questions, and learn from them. I want to connect them with people I know they've directly impacted — set up a conversation between a contemporary artist and a pioneer where I know there'd be an interesting dialogue.

Farbteiler — Erik Swahn

But beyond that, we want to tell the story of this generative art movement as a whole. A lot of collectors in this space don't know much about that history, but they're eager to learn it and want that context — and that's a big part of what we're trying to provide.

Trinity: Will, I know you're trying to do that right now by reading textbooks.

Will: It's a whole slog. I'm getting through it very slowly — dry stuff, at least the one I'm reading. So if you can make that content more accessible, there's definitely an appetite for it out there.

Trinity: Where's the drama? Where's the social interaction? Can you make it like Friends? Do we need to turn this into a—

Will: What's the will-they-won't-they of generative art?

Trinity: Yes, exactly.

Farbteiler — Erik Swahn

MonkAntony: What book are you reading?

Will: When the Machine Made Art. Grant Taylor.

MonkAntony: Oh yeah, it's a classic. Yeah, that's kind of the gateway book to really get into the weeds. It's a fantastic overview, especially of that '60s to '80s period. One issue I found when researching the space is that a lot of these texts cover that same period, that '60s, '70s, '80s stretch, and then they kind of stop. That '90s to 2000s period doesn't get quite as much attention. Part of that is just—we're still waiting for who is going to write it.

Trinity: It's also so new, right?

MonkAntony: Exactly.

Trinity: It's interesting though, because that's also when computing power really had that next big leap. People were very excited about browsing the web, having a GUI of all things. That's when the whole demo scene really came to fruition too—people doing all sorts of crazy shit with computers.

Farbteiler — Erik Swahn

MonkAntony: Definitely. Demo scene, net art, then Design By Numbers, Bagel, Processing—all these things kicked off. Not to get too far ahead, but that is the story that Le Random is also trying to tell.

Trinity: I think many people in this space have heard of Le Random, but maybe not everyone knows what it's doing or how widely known it actually is. Assuming some of our listeners aren't familiar, could you give an overview of what Le Random is and what it's doing?

MonkAntony: On a basic level, we're a collection. We raise money from investors to collect and to build a collection. There are two parts to the company: the collection side and the editorial side. The collection side is mostly handled by TheFunnyGuys and Conrad, or NemoCake—both names that will be very familiar to people in this space. The content side is more my responsibility, but I help with collection and they help with content too, so it's not entirely siloed.

Our mission is to show that computers extend human creativity, that they make our lives more interesting, and to build a collection that tells the story of generative art—the history of generative art. Our collection is different from some of the other big DAOs out there. We're not just trying to get twenty of every Art Blocks Curated release—we do collect on Art Blocks Curated, and we love that platform and those artists, but that's not all we're looking to collect, whereas for a lot of the bigger DAOs, that does seem to be the bulk of their collection: Punks and Art Blocks Curated artists.

We want to tell the entire history of the movement, starting from the artists who began the work—people like A. Michael Noll and those pioneers in the sixties. We want to include artists from every generation. We've broken the history down into three generations, broadly speaking. Generation one is those pioneers from the '50s all the way to the '90s. Generation two is when Processing and the internet combined to kick off the second wave, headlined by Reas, Lieberman, and Liam Egan, among others. The third generation is this on-chain generation. So we don't only want to collect from that third generation—we want our collection to tell the visual story of the whole movement. On the content side, we want to actually help write that story and contextualize what's happening today in relation to generative art's place in art history. That's the long-winded version of what we do: the collection side and the content side.

Will: There's a lot to dig into there, but before I quiz you more formally on all that—what's the story of your own involvement? How did you go from writing Tender editorials, collecting, and writing for RightClickSave to this?

Farbteiler — Erik Swahn

MonkAntony: Honestly, I didn't remember the story—I had to go back and check my DMs. It was Tender, that Farbteiler editorial. Maybe a couple of weeks after that came out, TheFunnyGuys DMed me. I didn't remember why he originally reached out, because we've spoken so much since—he also DMed me shortly after about buying one of the pieces from my collection, so I genuinely wondered, was he trying to poach this piece from me, or was it about the writing? It was February of last year, based on that Farbteiler article—I hadn't even written my second Tender piece yet, which was about Echoes by i++ Sketch.

I think that very first day we talked, he mentioned he had a project that might be interesting for us to collaborate on. It didn't really come up again—we just started talking almost every day, all about art, what we liked, what we were collecting and interested in. Around April we had an actual phone conversation, where he told me more about his vision for Le Random. That snowballed, and it worked out timing-wise because my job in Hong Kong was ending in August, right around when I'd potentially be starting at Le Random. So that's how it got started—just a Twitter DM. Keep your DMs open out there.

Will: Ours are definitely open for anyone who wants to talk—not about starting a fund, but just to chat.

Trinity: Well, if you want to start a fund, we're also down to talk.

Will: We don't have much to contribute, but yeah. Trinity, where do you want to go from here—dig into the content side, or talk more about the collection side?

Trinity: I have one follow-up on the collection. This third generation you're documenting now is easy to collect—it's on the blockchain, frictionless marketplace, everybody knows where it is. But for the more historical works, something might have been printed on paper forty years ago, or only exist on a VHS tape. Is Le Random also collecting the historic, non-blockchain works as part of the overall generative art story, or is it primarily focused on on-chain work?

Farbteiler — Erik Swahn

MonkAntony: Great question, because we talk about this a lot. We aren't collecting those physical pieces from first-generation artists yet, largely because of the traditional challenges of collecting that kind of work—how do you store it, where do you store it, the outdated technology, that kind of thing. The Spalters, Michael and Anne—Anne is one of Le Random's advisors—are the gods in that corner of the market. One of the things we're doing is encouraging these pioneers to digitize their work and release it as NFTs. It's not that we're precious about whether work is an NFT or not—we see art as art—but NFTs enable frictionless transactions. So we're trying to encourage people like A. Michael Noll and Rebecca Allen to release their work as NFTs, partly just so we're actually able to collect it. Right now, that's mostly only possible through an NFT.

Will: Continuing on the collection side, because it's fascinating—even though I know it's not strictly your role, I'm sure you can speak to it. You took on funding partly to build the platform, but I'd imagine primarily to build the collection. What does that look like as an organization with outside investment tasked with building a collection like this? What's the timeframe—a ten-year horizon, a twenty-year horizon? Are people putting in money knowing it could all go to zero? Obviously anything can go to zero, but what's the expectation in managing a fund of this size? You've done some very particular collecting—not just buying twenty of each Art Blocks Curated piece, but buying RGB #1, setting the record on the pink Zancan Garden, Monoliths. What's the strategy, and where do the returns come in? When you take in investment, there's got to be some expectation eventually.

Trinity: And to pile onto that—just looking at how Le Random positions itself online, is it even a fund?

MonkAntony: No, we're not a fund, and we try to make that clear to artists. We're not a fund in the sense that we can never be liquidated or become forced sellers. We want to make it very clear, especially to the artists we collect from, that we're collecting their work as essentially a permanent home. Our timeframe is very long-term. Any kind of exit strategy is far down the line. We believe in the importance of this movement long-term—we think it's just beginning, and while there will be short-term market fluctuations and cyclical bear markets, we have strong belief in the long-term directionality. We don't have a directive to sell. We do have targets to demonstrate that we're responsible custodians of the funds we've gathered, but no directive to sell or turn a profit. We're buying things like Helena Sarin's first-ever NFT, RGB #1, like you mentioned—historically significant pieces we think will withstand the test of time.

Will: So Metaversal was a kind of founding partner, or has put money in—when an organization like that, or even private individuals, give money, is it considered a donation? I'm trying to wrap my head around this: there's no horizon, you're building a collection, but people gave you money to do this—it's not a nonprofit thing, so it's not a donation, right? There has to be something written, though if you can't speak about it, that's fine, we can move on. I'm always curious when people are playing with serious money in this space and making big moves. Is it like, "we're going to sell this to a museum in twenty years, but until then we're just going to be good stewards and build the community and build knowledge"? If it's a difficult question we can move on, but it doesn't feel like a donation—it feels like people are investing, so there has to be some expectation of a return at some point.

MonkAntony: The funds and institutions we raised from—we were very transparent that this was going to be long-term. They knew that going in, and they willingly invested at that time, knowing it's a company, but a company in it for the long haul. Whatever exit strategy or expected return there might eventually be isn't something we're worrying about in the short term. Right now, our goals are to build this historically significant collection and to elevate the space generally—in a way, decouple it from NFTs and show that it's part of the mainstream art world, not separate from it. It's part of art history, and we're trying to write that history through our collection and through our editorial branch.

Garden, Monoliths — Zancan

Will: Maybe we should transition to the editorial side, then—what you're doing directly, bringing in that education piece. What's the plan for the first year or so? Right now the site is still under construction, more or less—there haven't been any major content updates. What's your vision for the first few years of the site?

MonkAntony: Well, when this comes out, we'll have our full site up. As of this recording, though, it's been a landing page since March, where we're trying to gauge interest and collect names for a newsletter, just getting our name out there. But by the time this episode airs, our full site will be live. We're really excited about that. It's what we've been working on since day one, when I started back in November.

You'll be able to see our entire collection — it's not just a link to a Deca gallery, it's something we've custom built. We'll also have art content releasing alongside it. By the time this comes out, we should have four pieces published. TheFunnyGuys wrote a piece about his motivations for starting Le Random. Another is an interview with Casey Reas where we talk about the history of generative art and some of the lesser-known parts of that history.

We've also got an interview coming up with Operator, again history-focused. I spoke with them for more than two hours, deep in the weeds of the historical roots of human unreadable — I've given a sneak peek of that in some Le Random threads on Twitter. And I'm curating the fx(hash) exhibition for NFC Lisbon, so I wrote a curatorial statement for that gallery, which we'll also put up on Le Random.

The biggest thing I've been working on is a generative art timeline — basically a book, about 100,000 words, which translates to roughly 400 pages of text. It's a timeline of generative art history going back 70,000 years, to some of the first art ever made. We've consulted with people like Phil Gallanter, who's written about the Blombos Cave paintings where we begin the timeline, as well as Zach Lieberman, Casey Reas, Anstalter, Jason Bailey, Georg Bach, and many others. I've been writing it for months — literally like writing a book — but it'll all live on Le Random's website.

There will be about 800 moments in the timeline, divided into 10 chapters, which we'll release chronologically. Releasing it all at once would be too much information, so we're doing it chapter by chapter, starting around the same time as our full site launch, which will be up any day now — definitely by the time this airs.

Garden, Monoliths — Zancan

As for where we're going in the next year: a thread throughout everything I've described about Le Random is history. We want to provide a space where the community can better understand its past. But we also want to help curate the present — what amazing artists today are doing — and celebrate the future. That's what I want the editorial side to do: help the community understand its past, curate its present, celebrate its future, producing content that contextualizes where the space is and where it's going.

We want to support artists in the space, but also reach the uninitiated with informative content that shows this is an art movement that will be written about in art history textbooks. It's not something that began with NFTs — in a way, NFTs are more like the end of a very long thousand-year story than any kind of beginning.

Trinity: We're also not at the end of the story yet. We're still very much in progress.

MonkAntony: Absolutely. Even prominent people in the space consider NFTs a kind of beginning. But we want to show there are many preconditions for NFTs — which Casey Reas has talked about a lot — going back through things like smartphones, and mass media art more broadly. We want to demonstrate that through our collection and our editorial.

Will: That all sounds amazing. The 10 chapters thing would make for a great reading series on our show, Trinity — I don't know how frequently you'll publish them, weekly or monthly, but it'd be great for us to talk about those as they air. Is all of it going to be free, or is there a part of the site where content will be monetized or gated?

MonkAntony: Everything will be free. We're not running ads on our site, there's no paid subscription. The timeline will be completely free. The goal is to get it into digital form first — it's so big and detailed. That said, we're definitely going to get comments pointing out things we missed, and we welcome that. This isn't meant to be the definitive account of every moment important to the history of generative art. It also won't only cover art history — it'll cover some history of mathematics and technology, as they relate to digital generative art.

Garden, Monoliths — Zancan

Eventually we want to make it into a physical book too. We wouldn't give that away for free, but the goal isn't to make a profit — just to cover printing costs. We want to make something really high quality, inspired by Matt Delaurier's Meridians book, if you've seen those — those books are works of art in themselves. We'd want to make something like that for the timeline, but we'd probably have to cut it down, since the digital version alone is already about what a 400-page book would be, with no images. The digital version will always stay on the Le Random website, and it won't stop at 2018 or even 2023 — we'll keep adding 2024 and beyond, as new moments continue to impact the story of the movement.

Trinity: Listening to you talk about this is honestly amazing. This book, even in its 400-page, no-picture edition, is something that should sit on the bookshelves of research institutions across the world — libraries and universities everywhere. How do you feel knowing that what you're producing now is really telling the future of humanity what generative art is and how we should look at it? I have tomes of art history books published in the 1940s and '50s — 400-plus pages, no pictures — that serve as the encyclopedia and de facto source of truth for those art movements. This feels like it could serve the same role, blockchain or no.

MonkAntony: I haven't really wrapped my head around it yet, honestly, because of the sheer amount of research that's gone into it — and it's not finished. I have a Google document, 150 pages long, that's just listing the moments. There are around a thousand of those, and actually writing about each one is still an ongoing process. As of today, I've finished writing up through the '60s, which will be the biggest single chapter.

So I haven't really processed what its impact or legacy will be — I'm still in the middle of the hurricane, just trying to do my best to actually write it. A lot of the core research is done, though it's hard to stop researching, because you always find something else you want to add. It could almost be twice the size it is now.

I was talking yesterday with Gordon Berger, one of the early people who recognized that art could be connected to the blockchain — I think he gave one of the first TED Talks about art on a blockchain. He suggested we call it the Generative Art Bible, which is maybe a little too flashy for our style. We'll probably stick with something like "The Generative Art Timeline." If you have a catchier title, let us know.

Trinity: We'll workshop it.

Garden, Monoliths — Zancan

Will: Yeah, thumbs down to "Bible," for sure.

MonkAntony: There are some interesting connotations there, but we're excited about what it'll bring to the space. At Bright Moments Tokyo, TheFunnyGuys and I joined Seth Goldstein, the founder of Bright Moments, on a panel about the history of generative art. I made a poster with 10 moments from the timeline, 10 moments from the wider world, and 10 moments about Japanese generative art. Even that generated so much interest and curiosity about the history — and it was just 10 moments out of what will be around a thousand, about 1% of the project, in far less detail. Sotheby's has actually asked to use those 10 moments for something they're working on, so those will appear on their site too.

We haven't really promoted the timeline much yet, but what has gone public — those 10 moments, that poster — has been really encouraging. We've hit on something people are genuinely interested in and curious about, and it's exciting to be part of telling that story. It's something I take seriously and have spent an enormous amount of time on.

Will: Very exciting — I'm truly looking forward to reading this when it comes out. It sounds incredible, and I need to go find that Bright Moments panel; I'm sure it's up somewhere. As we move toward wrapping the episode, let's do some rapid-fire questions.

Here's one that's not a typical rapid-fire one, but continuing on what you were saying about moments and eras: we're halfway through 2023, and you're chronicling the present as part of this too. What's the defining moment so far in 2023? What's the vibe of this year in generative art?

MonkAntony: In terms of what we already have on the timeline for this year, we're seeing a lot more institutional interest in generative art. One example is the Coded exhibition at LACMA, which started back in February — Coded: Art Enters the Computer Age. I have the printed catalog for it, which has actually been another inspiration for the timeline. I think that's a key moment for generative art history this year, despite the fact that it hasn't always received great critical reviews — the New York Times panned it a bit, and other publications haven't always been positive. But critical panning is nothing new in art history, especially in this space — it's been going on for decades.

Garden, Monoliths — Zancan

Some other big moments: institutions like the Pompidou, the Buffalo AKG, and LACMA acquiring NFTs for the first time. We see this as the year major institutions start taking the space more seriously — the auction houses started it, with Christie's, Sotheby's, and Phillips leading the way. That made sense logically, since the business side would be attracted by the extra capital the space could generate. But now seeing major institutions get involved is a huge and important step.

Will: I just got back from LACMA — went to see the exhibit over the weekend, which was great.

MonkAntony: What'd you think about it?

Will: It was really cool, but I had a baby with me, so I didn't get to digest it for nearly as long as I would've liked -- she squirms. But at least I got to go. I should definitely pick up that book. Do you want to continue with the rapid fire, Trinity?

Trinity: Let's talk about MonkAntony. Where did the name come from?

MonkAntony: That's a nod to my love of history -- not just art history, every kind of history. I watch documentaries, read books, listen to podcasts about it. It's always been an interest of mine, and I've always really loved Roman history. So MonkAntony is a play on Mark Antony, which isn't always obvious because a lot of people call me "Monk Anthony" with a TH. I've also always liked monkeys -- they've been my favorite animal. So it's that combined with the nod to Roman history.

Garden, Monoliths — Zancan

Will: Is that an old AOL username, or something you invented for web3?

MonkAntony: Not an old AOL username -- that was probably something Weezer-related back in the late '90s. This is more recent, just from the past few years.

Will: Here's another rapid fire. You've been a great guest, and we always like to ask who our guests would like to hear us interview. Any recommendations -- past or present, obviously someone still living?

MonkAntony: Some of the Generation 1 and Generation 2 pioneers would be great to have on to tell their story firsthand -- especially since many of them can be skeptical of NFTs, and I think you two are some of the best advocates in this space. If they get the chance to talk to you personally, that could be really positive.

From that earlier generation: someone like Roman Verostko, Lillian Schwartz, Rebecca Allen, Lynn Hershman Leeson -- that would be an awesome person to speak to. Some of these artists are getting up there in age, so I hope they'd even be able to do it. From Generation 2 -- the net art and computer generation folks -- someone like Joan Heemskerk from JODI, Golan Levin, Cornelia Solfrank. And then the big names we all know and love, like Casey Reas and Zach Lieberman. Ben Fry too -- he kind of gets forgotten because he's not hugely active in the NFT space, but he'd be an awesome person to hear from.

Trinity: Amazing.

Garden, Monoliths — Zancan

Will: Great names.

Trinity: Next rapid-fire question: if you were stuck on a desert island for the rest of your life with one piece from your collection, what would it be? Or, if you could steal one from Le Random's collection. Let's start with your collection first, then you can steal from Le Random.

MonkAntony: That's an interesting question. I'd probably choose one of those infinitely animating pieces -- I'm naturally drawn to them anyway. On a desert island I wouldn't want to get bored, and I think it'd be really cool to have something that keeps evolving. Maybe something like Toxy, Defrag -- I really like the painterly ones, the version 3s. So maybe a Toxy version 3, a Defrag version 3. Or, pound for pound, my favorite collection on fx(hash) is Robert Hodgins' Growth version 2. Probably one of those.

Defrag — toxi

Trinity: We'll give you that, plus an infinitely powered digital display.

MonkAntony: Yeah, I'd need one of those too.

Trinity: That's just built in. I mean, you two know fx(hash) better than I do -- what would you choose? I'd be curious. I hadn't thought about an infinitely animating piece, but from my collection, probably Ethereal Microcosm -- forming bonds with the different types and colors of particles, projecting personality onto them and their activity. We'll see who wins out over the course of ten or twenty years.

MonkAntony: And every day you woke up it would look different, having morphed and evolved into something new. That's a really good choice. How about you, Will?

Will: Let me think -- I wasn't prepared to answer this one myself.

MonkAntony: Turning the tables here.

Defrag — toxi

Trinity: Love it.

Will: Infinitely animating is cool. I'm tempted to say something like Very Large Array, since then at least you get audio too -- though you'd need to be able to turn it off and on, since sometimes you want to hear it and sometimes you don't.

Trinity: There's Toccata.

Toccata — MonkAntony

Will: Toccata could be a really nice one -- probably the right answer. The one I personally own isn't my favorite of the musical variations, but one that's right in that pocket, because it degrades. You'd want one that's on a weeks-long degrading process, so you have a nice way to keep track of time. I'll take Toccata.

MonkAntony: That would be great -- you'd get speakers too.

Trinity: Very nice desert island.

MonkAntony: High quality display.

Trinity: It doesn't have to be a castaway-style desert island -- it can have amenities. Also, technically infinitely animating would be Hollow, just to throw that out -- you could see who's visiting the museum today. Or the Ismahelio drop, where you can watch your grasses grow.

Will: Oh yeah, that would be a fun one.

Toccata — MonkAntony

Trinity: I forget what it's called.

MonkAntony: Proxima?

Will: The one before that.

MonkAntony: Oh, I know what you mean, where every day--

Trinity: The grasses grow, the trees grow.

Will: I haven't checked in on that one in a while. Anything else you want to ask us? That's always our last rapid fire -- do you want to ask us any questions before we go?

Toccata — MonkAntony

MonkAntony: I think content creators need to stick together. I'd love to talk to you sometime in my capacity at Le Random and interview you too, learn more about you. I know you've been on other podcasts recently, but something written, or just talking about you in that space, would be really cool. I don't think anybody knows this fx(hash) community better than you two, and I think it'd be great to have you on, or speak with you and publish it in some capacity.

Will: Are we going to make the 2022 timeline -- is the first episode of Waiting to Be Signed going to make the list?

MonkAntony: Uh-oh, now I need to put it on there.

Will: No, I think that would be cool, I'm down for that. What about you, Trinity?

Trinity: I'm down for that too. I think it's all about creating that history. We're creating it right now, kind of unknowingly -- well, semi-knowingly. We're all part of history as it's being lived, and I think that's very palpable within this space.

Will: We're conscious of it. We talk about it every now and then on the show -- that we view this as a way to capture this entire moment. That's one of the greater purposes of the show. It's not just about getting out alpha and talking about markets -- that's part of it, sure, because we're doing NFTs -- but we've had amazing guests, and we're proud of that.

Toccata — MonkAntony

MonkAntony: You should be. And what you've done with fx(text), those weekly write-ups going over the drops -- that in itself could become a book someday, because it documents, week by week, what's been happening on the site. That's important. And I'm excited to finally meet some of the fx(hash) team in Lisbon for NFT NYC.

Will: Sadly, we're not going to that one.

Trinity: But spoiler alert, Ozzy's not a cat. Sorry.

MonkAntony: We've had opportunities in the past to meet in real life, and it's been so annoying. I'd literally bought a ticket to go to New York -- it was originally supposed to be December, but I bought a ticket for January instead. Then my Portuguese visa ended up expiring a month early, so I had to get back within a certain window and had to cancel that trip. Really sucked, because I was looking forward to it -- there are so many people in the space in New York, and meeting you two especially. It'd be very cool to meet up at some point.

Trinity: We're here for it.

MonkAntony: It'll happen for sure.

Toccata — MonkAntony

Will: Anything else we missed, or should we wrap it up? Anything you want to plug that we should be looking forward to?

MonkAntony: By the time this airs, lerandom.art will be up -- the first chapter of the timeline, the first four editorials, a bunch of artist profiles we wrote ourselves, and our entire collection. TheFunnyGuys will be at NFT Day Zurich and on a panel at NFC Lisbon doing the fx(hash) curation, so look forward to that tiny bit of our timeline. Sotheby's is also going to be putting it up on their website. And we've got collabs planned, like with Bright Moments and whatever the next city is -- Buenos Aires. Some exciting stuff planned for that, so stay tuned.

Will: Thank you so much, MonkAntony. It was great to have you on the show, to get the word out about everything you're doing and learn about you as a collector and your history. You're an original fx(hash) collector, even though you missed the first week -- but honestly, we all missed that first week. Thank you so much for coming on.

MonkAntony: Thank you so much for having me. I'm such a huge fan of both of you -- we've been online friends for a while, but it's been great to talk more, beyond the various calls we've had over the last few months. It's been a real pleasure. Thank you for inviting me on.

Will: Of course.

Trinity: Thank you.

Toccata — MonkAntony

Will: That's the interview -- that was MonkAntony. Thank you for joining. Hope you all enjoyed it, and we'll be back soon with another episode. Later.

Change log

  • Initial transcript — auto-transcribed (AssemblyAI) and readability-edited.