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Will: All right. Hello and welcome everyone to another episode of Waiting to Be Signed, a special interview episode. We're joined today by Kevin Esherick, Kevin Esh Online, as you might know him. We have Kevin on today to talk primarily about his recent writing on generative art — a really great critique he wrote called Generative Anesthetics. Unfortunately, Trinity is not here today; she's out on a work assignment. But we've got Kevin, and we're super hyped to have you on. We dedicated a good 30 minutes or so in our last episode talking about what you wrote, but before we get into all of that, we should learn about you. How's it going, Kevin? Thanks for coming.
Kevin Esherick: Good. Thanks for having me. We'll talk about it more later, but the post-essay period has been fairly busy with chatter about it. So this will be my first podcast discussing it after hearing it talked about by others quite a bit. Happy to speak my piece on it here.
Will: Great to have you. Let's get you introduced to the audience — tell us a bit about your background in art and coding and how you found blockchain and NFTs.
Kevin Esherick: I have no formal background in either art or coding, which I feel is the most blockchain-artist type of background — very DIY, grassroots, existing outside a lot of the traditional institutions. I started coding right after I graduated college. I studied philosophy and psychology, not aimed at any particular job — I just wanted to start my own company and was interested in those two things. I studied them, then went on to work on company ideas thematically related to them, and now I work on art related to them too.
Right off the bat, I built a wellbeing and mental health company — an iPhone app that was like a daily personal trainer for your mental health. This was back in 2017, when that space looked pretty different. I had no engineering background, no co-founder, no footing in the startup world, no idea how to raise money or hire. I was just doing it solo, making no money, living at my parents' house. That meant I needed to teach myself to code to make it happen, so I worked twelve-hour days for years trying to build this thing.
The startup didn't work out — three and a half years amounted to nothing financially or corporationally — but it was an incredibly valuable experience. I learned so much picking up coding, mostly a JavaScript stack: React, React Native, some backend here and there. The big thing about picking up a first language and really learning it in depth is that you become comfortable navigating that whole digital environment — the command line, VS Code, packages, GitHub. It made me far more comfortable in that ecosystem.
After the company ended, I spent some time doing freelance writing for tech companies, founders, VCs — some ghostwriting here and there. Through that I was actually introduced to NFTs. This was 2021, right as everything started to pop off. I was writing for people whose names I can't share, and it involved learning about crypto and NFTs — putting together research briefs on the Beeple sales and what was happening in music NFTs at the time.
At the same time, my creative itch was starting to burn after the company shut down, because the company really was a creative endeavor for me in many ways — I did all the UX/UI for it, which I loved, and found I had a knack for visual art. That excited me, because I'd always had a deep interest in art but never formally engaged with it. I grew up in Maryland, outside DC, where free museums were always at my disposal — not that I was a regular attendee, but my older brother was a big inspiration, always engaging with music, fine art, literature. I was passionate about those things from an early age, took AP Art History in high school, and loved approaching history through the lens of visual ideas — far more engaging to me than reading a textbook on Civil War history.
So: freelance writing, learning about crypto, a coding skillset under my belt, and this creative urge to start making things again. That's when I started a project called Material — a pair of jeans I thrifted, then custom-tailored and bleach-dyed in my parents' bathtub. The idea was that whenever I had a special, memorable, compelling experience or connection with someone while wearing those jeans, I'd invite them to add their own artwork, so the jeans became a collaborative canvas — a tapestry of my identity more complex than any brand label could signify.
Around that time my brother was releasing his own clothing line, so fashion was on my mind. I was thinking about how the outward signals we choose to broadcast our identity could go beyond a Gucci label — could say something truly idiosyncratic and personal rather than just affiliation with whatever corporation made the garment. I thought this was a fun, expressive way to do that. It also coincided with, and was partly prompted by, COVID restrictions receding and people stepping back out into the world. I was thrilled at the prospect of going out and having experiences again — engaging with the urban world of rich human interaction — for the first time in over a year.
As I worked on the jeans, the crypto stuff was percolating in my head while pieces kept getting added. I'd get compliments wherever I went — "sick jeans," "that's cool art you've got there." The idea, by the way, was to bring art into as close contact with life as possible. That's a core nugget in my aesthetic theory: I want art to change our relationship to our own lives. There's a kind of distance that art mediates — you get closer to or further from life through it. I probably shouldn't go into that in too much detail now, maybe another day, but it'll get digressive.
These jeans were meant to create the most present, in-the-moment representation of part of my life possible, rather than someone going back to a studio to paint something from memory. The moment itself gets inscribed into the artwork. There was a kind of metaphysical inquiry: could the jeans be imbued with these moments through a ritual where the moment is noticed, harnessed, and then imprinted onto them? Very post-COVID thinking on my part.
The jeans were going well — several people had added artwork, and I thought they were beautiful, as did others. But none of the artists who'd contributed ever got anything on the receiving end, even though this was a collaborative project. I'd put in the bulk of the effort, sure, but other people helped make the jeans what they were, and I wanted to find some way of rewarding them, distributing that value. That's when I was learning about NFTs, and I thought — these could be a really interesting way of distributing a feeling of ownership, potentially even a financial stake in the project, even though up to that point it was unfinancialized. A way of distributing the value of this centralized thing that, without technology, could only exist in one place at one time.
So I made a video of the jeans — a studio shot, rotating 360 degrees. It came out looking pretty sweet, though it probably sounds jank from the description. It's called Material — you can find it through my Twitter. Every time a new piece is added to the jeans, I make a new video, mint it as an NFT, and over time sell these to collectors, with proceeds distributed back to everyone who's added work to the jeans. I'm also working on private copies of those NFTs for the contributing artists, so they still have that feeling of ownership — the original idea was to give them the NFTs until they sold, then split the sale proceeds with them. But that wallet back-and-forth ended up not making much sense.
Will: I remember hearing about those jeans from Matt, our mutual friend.
Kevin Esherick: Oh yeah, no way.
Will: Did he contribute to them as well?
Kevin Esherick: He has. Matt Condon, everyone — a good friend and major help for me early in the process of bringing this work to life. He brought me on Digitally Rare a couple of years ago to talk about it, and again about a year and a half ago. He contributed to the conceptualization of it, helped me navigate the NFT world when I had no footing there — he was the first real NFT person I talked to — contributed a piece to the jeans, collected one, and now participates in the DAO that exists around the project. Every collector enters a DAO based on token ownership; every artist who's added a piece and every collector votes on real decisions in my life — including my moving to New York. I moved here in 2022 because they voted for me to do so. So they don't just have a financial stake in the jeans, they have an actual directive ownership stake that guides the outcome of the project.
Will: That's okay.
Kevin Esherick: That's how I ended up getting involved in art and NFTs. From that project it became this creative floodgate opening — I was so interested in the possibilities of art on the blockchain, digital art, art in general. So here I am.
Will: I had totally forgotten that you were the person who did the jeans — what a coincidence. You mentioned doing this research and learning about NFTs through your professional life. Obviously you knew Matt, who was an early, active Ethereum developer, even involved in some of the early token standards we use now.
Kevin Esherick: Yeah, he contributed to the 721 and 1155 standards, for those who don't know. And I believe he started the first NFT podcast, in 2019 — Digitally Rare, which he and Jonathan Mann ran, though I'm not sure when the last episode came out. But Matt's an OG, an NFT artist in his own right. He's the guy with an NFC chip in his hand, if anyone's heard about that — you can scan it to collect NFT stickers of him.
Will: What was the journey like for you? I feel like a lot of people, given the time you were starting your research, faced so much crypto and NFT skepticism. Pick your angle -- it's all a casino, it's a Ponzi scheme, it's burning up the environment. It was pretty hard for the average layperson to get past all that and take an honest look at the technology and the well-intended stuff going on. With Matt and this idea, you could have done it without the blockchain -- just a boilerplate contract ownership setup. What made you want to use this technology, and what brought you around to thinking positively about it?
Kevin Esherick: I have a pretty thorough disposition toward techno-optimism. I've loved tech since I was a kid -- the future has always interested me, and my default response to new technologies is wonder and excitement, wanting to know how it works and what we can do with it. So there wasn't any initial knee-jerk balking at the prospect. It was more like, okay, what can this do? Let's run with it and see what happens.
The unique feeling of ownership conferred by NFTs really did feel like something a COA doesn't quite capture. And the networked nature of it fascinated me -- the Material NFTs, because they derive from the same contract on the same blockchain, have this inherent tie to one another, like siblings. And the baked-in royalty splits meant I could run an auction for these things and the money would, by default, split to the wallets of the artists who'd contributed -- permissionlessly, with nothing I could do about it. It felt incredibly elegant. I thought I was doing something new and interesting with it, and new ideas are a big draw of intrigue for me.
So there was never much skepticism on my end. I was aware of the climate critiques, and my take then and now is: one, I think we'll figure it out and make it less bad for the environment; and two, it's probably still a net good. That's not my take on all technology -- I'm not a "tech is good, period" person. I think of tech as neutral, and it's about the ends we put it toward and how we balance any secondary effects.
In some sense I'm actually a deep techno-pessimist, because I believe in a kind of hedonic treadmill. I'm more a material pessimist -- I don't think material improvement of our lives actually betters them that significantly in the end, because we always find new wants and desires. If we're not going to the root of that problem, in a Buddhist sense, and wrangling with our own predisposition toward suffering and desire and lack of contentment, then the circus carries on -- there's an ever-increasing buffet of desires and we'll always have new problems to solve. There's a Sisyphean optimism and pessimism there. Maybe Sisyphus is having a good time rolling the ball up the hill, but I think it'd be better if he realized he didn't need to roll it, could sit down, get into a deep meditative state, and become free of suffering -- then maybe get back to it with that baseline happiness and enjoy rolling the ball up the hill on top of that.
Will: Solving the fundamental problem of contentedness through the blockchain is not where I thought we'd end up here.
Kevin Esherick: And I don't think it's going to do it for us.
Will: A lot of the critique in your writing that blew up and got a lot of attention in the generative art and NFT art communities -- Generative Anesthetics -- let's dive into that, since we're headed there anyway. We met a couple weeks ago, and I actually hadn't read your piece the night we met. It's long -- read it the next day.
Kevin Esherick: Yeah, it's longer than most people are used to reading online.
Will: It's a lot quicker the second time you read it, honestly -- I enjoyed it a lot on the reread. We chatted a little after the fact, and you said you started writing this in 2022, which makes a lot of sense, since that was when we still had residual effects of the 2021 hype -- the Art Blocks hype, the early fx(hash) hype, the rampant speculation. For whatever reason you put it aside, then found time to come back to it, and now here we are halfway through 2024 and it's out. The market's changed a lot since then. So what made you decide to publish that piece now?
Kevin Esherick: Good question, and I appreciate the chance to explain the timeline, because honestly, writing is hard. I started taking notes in 2022, and that ballooned to 40 pages eventually, plus a lot of reading and research. I wanted to feel truly immersed in the generative art world, which also meant releasing three generative projects of my own in the meantime. People who read the essay may not realize I've released three generative projects -- they're definitely not the traditional gen art projects you're used to seeing, but they are generative nonetheless. So I became pretty well acquainted with that paradigm.
I started taking notes because, getting involved in the space, I was largely just frustrated -- I don't get what I'm not getting here, why is everyone so obsessed with this? The extent of the monomania seemed insane to me. That's part of what I wanted to emphasize: it was as much about the fixation on this one genre as about the genre itself. I'd have been fine leaving it be if it didn't make up such a broad scope of what people were paying attention to in the crypto art world. But it felt so dominant. I was like, guys, there's other cool stuff out there, let's check it out.
Right now I'm not writing full-time, I'm making art full-time, trying to establish my career on that front. That only started in 2021, so I'm still getting my footing, and it's really hard to make a living as an artist -- it's the only job I have, so I grind at that. Writing is something I love and find myself doing naturally, but if you don't put in consistent time, it atrophies like a muscle. When you put it down for a while, the first couple days getting back into it are grueling. I have a hard time writing freely -- I feel like I need to know the structure of things and see the next paragraph unfolding before me rather than just writing word by word.
There was never a good financial reason for me to get back into this, ironically. And honestly, I was scared. People have strong feelings about generative art -- I have dear friends who love it, and I love pockets of it too, to be clear. I didn't want to piss people off. I don't see myself as a firebrand trying to start a ruckus online. Discourse is important to me, but thoughtful, tempered discourse -- and people online can be loud and mean. Releasing it when I did was actually helpful, because by then I knew a lot more people in the space personally, so they understood I wasn't trying to be a dick about it.
I really started writing after collecting those 40 pages of notes, earlier this year. Even before that it was always on my mind -- I kept thinking, damn it, this is getting away from me, this is going to be too late. By the end of last year I was thinking the market's no longer what it once was, this is losing its relevance. I had two partner generative art projects planned to release alongside the essay -- Catalog and DVD Screensaver -- generative projects that critique the generative art paradigm in some way. I wanted to release the essay alongside them as a triad that makes sense of my body of thought on this. I finished those two projects but not the essay: Catalog came out in December of last year, DVD Screensaver in March of this year.
Catalog — Kevin Esherick
Then I had a show come up with Expanded in Berlin at their physical gallery, releasing my collection In Utero, and opportunities kept crowding out the essay. On the writing front, I worked with Lily Iloh on an essay about her collection Plans for Future Forms, which took up my writing bandwidth for a time. Before that I wrote the MangleCore essay. Finally, In Utero opened in Berlin, I came home, made the space to sit down and write the essay from all those notes -- and I almost didn't release it. I looked at it and thought, I don't know if I want to put this out anymore, I'm almost embarrassed, it feels so late. But I'd put so much work into it that I figured, whatever, send it out there. If people think I'm slow on this, fine, I'll add a note explaining what happened. I'm glad I put it out -- it was very close to not being released, but I didn't want all that work to be for nothing, and I thought there might still be people who felt the way I did and needed to see their ideas articulated. It seems to have resonated -- a lot of people felt it put words to something they hadn't previously been able to express.
Will: It came out in some ways at a very good time, because the community and collector base has shrunk so much that the only people left are the ones open to talking about and thinking through things like this, not just pumping their bags. There are still a few people heavily invested, but even they seem a lot more thoughtful about what they collect and more long-term in their thinking. So -- what's the reaction been like? Looking on Twitter, the people who replied seemed to be engaging with you in a pretty levelheaded, constructive way. Each person maybe had their own little nit to pick, but no one seemed to condemn it as a whole. I hope it's been a positive experience for you -- what was it like?
Kevin Esherick: The discourse has been overwhelmingly positive, I'd say — pretty thoughtful. I tried to set a good tone, be even-handed, and show that I was acting in good faith. It wasn't that I had some itch to scratch, some cantankerous need to vent. I was trying to think through something — what's causing things I don't think are good for the space, and how we can improve on them. People picked up on that and responded in kind. Even where people disagreed, it's mostly been polite and thoughtful. On the whole, I can't complain. A couple of people said mean things here and there, but I also got a lot of DMs — people saying it was really gratifying to read, from generative artists, collectors, people who work at generative art platforms, all across the board. Often there's some nit to pick — "great essay, loved reading this, don't agree with everything, but it's worth reading." That's cool. You don't get that every day, where you write something a lot of people are going to strongly disagree with in some regard and they still say it was good and worth reading.
The back-and-forth has been valuable. That's really what I wanted — to get people to reflect, to put ideas out there. I don't hold firm beliefs on most things, definitely not on these. That's not to say I'm just floating in the wind — my beliefs are more like probability assignments. I'll think there's a 70% chance some particular financial mechanism within NFTs is bad, here's the evidence, here's what it's doing — but that 70% is liable to change, and I hold the other 30% in a kind of counter-position too. Like, we'll probably talk about this later, but the scale of production in generative art is one of those things I have critiques of, but it also does some really cool stuff, and where exactly I fall, I don't know — I'm still figuring it out. None of this is set in stone. It's less about me sharing my opinion and more about hoping to get these ideas into the world and prompt people to reflect on them for their own sake, and hopefully come away better for it.
Will: It definitely spoke to a lot of things we've talked about on the show, and we did a brief breakdown of it in the previous episode. One thing we touched on was that in a lot of ways this is also a critique of collectors, and not so much of the art form — though I don't think collectors were named that much specifically. They were kind of lumped into the market-forces side of it.
Kevin Esherick: Yeah, which maybe I should have drilled into more. In the wake of this, a lot of people have been wary of speaking about "the market" as this big bad monster. The idea wasn't to deflect blame from any party in particular, but to point to everyone as complicit. When I say "the market," I mean everyone's a part of that, rather than no one being part of it. Markets serve as what I'd call blame-deferral devices — everyone is complicit but can deny it by saying, "these are just the rules of the game, this is how you play." A lot of the backlash at me has been people saying artists are just trying to make their bag, blame the collectors. But you could equally say collectors are just trying to make their bag — they have families too, they need to put bread on the table. If they're flipping, that's their prerogative. Everyone exists within the formal structures of this game we've created and is playing their rational part in it. That's why I'm trying to call into question the structure as a whole, and the way its rules cause the parts to interrelate. When I say "the market," I mean the collectors, the artists, the platforms, the spectators, the podcasters, the think-piece writers — how we all contribute to that cycle, and where we can step in. I don't believe in a fatalism that just says, "that's the way the system is, what are we supposed to do about it?" Let's buck back. Put some new ideas out there, make shit happen.
In Utero — Kevin Esherick
Will: What are your hopes, then? From our side, it seemed like when the market slowed, we saw a moment where some artists scrambled — jumping to this chain, that platform, "I'm gonna try this" — chasing the money as it rotated around, most recently into Ordinals and Bitcoin, or cleaving off entirely: "I don't do code anymore, I do AI, because AI is selling like crazy." It might be easier to make a name that way. There was definitely a subset who let the market dictate their practice entirely, without much intentionality. But others went the opposite direction — "the market sucks, I have to be more precious about what I do," taking the time to sharpen their coding skills or think bigger picture, making projects that are generative but also have meaning, not just something pretty. In these last two years, have you found more hope for the space than what came through in the essay?
Kevin Esherick: I think so. I have a default critical brain, especially with fine art — really art in general, but fine art is a medium where it's hard to make something that really hits people. If 25% of art pieces connect with me, maybe 40% of songs do. Music feels like a more accessible medium than fine art in a certain sense. So there's always going to be a proportion of the work being shared that I just don't fuck with. That proportion within our space has probably gotten higher, though I haven't run any actual analysis on that.
I also don't think buckling down on one's practice and taking time to think about improving the art is necessarily incompatible with people pursuing the money on Ordinals or whatever. I'm less concerned with what chain people release on. If there were a blockchain with zero financial traffic and one with a ton, and you could create the same project on either and make zero money or a ton of money, sure, go for the one that makes you money. Where I take issue is when it actually changes the nature of the work. That's what I feel has happened to some extent with generative art — it's led to the cheapening of certain kinds of work.
But we're maturing. It's an early space, and both collectors and artists here, myself included, are a little ahistorical. We don't come in with MFAs, which is cool — it means we don't have that haughty art-world vibe, we can think through new ideas from a fresh perspective. But it's also led to a lot of retreads. Exposure to art history helps you build an intuition for its trajectory, which helps you understand what's going to matter years from now. You develop taste through studying art history — a better connection with your own intuitions and a better ability to execute on them. I think we're still largely developing that. I study art history as much as I can, read a lot of books, study old projects, but I didn't go to art school, I don't have an MFA. I'm working on it, and everyone else is too. That'll come with time. We're better now than we were two years ago. But a lot of what was getting put out was p5.js-tutorial level, or things that had already been happening in the generative art Instagram scene for the last ten years, and now money could be made off it — or it was reminiscent of '60s, '70s computer art, or '30s and '40s geometric abstraction. A lot of ground was retread from not really understanding the history, or only having a slight knowledge of it and thinking what you were doing hadn't already been beaten to death.
But we're growing on that front. Part of the hope with the essay — I don't want to say I'm trying to scare people, but I do want there to be a bar held for people. I want people to create and share freely, but I also think it'll be better for all of us if what we reward financially — what we're legitimizing, what we're communicating to the rest of the world — is the really high-quality stuff that's going to last. Some art holds up better to the test of time than other art. I hope the essay can help catalyze people to feel held to a standard in rewarding that.
Will: Listening to that — and maybe to make the music analogy, since we're about the same age — there are bands we grew up with and really liked, and then you dig back into '60s, '70s, '80s stuff and go, "oh, wow." Like, take an example—
In Utero — Kevin Esherick
Kevin Esherick: Yeah, give me one.
Will: LCD Soundsystem. A huge band — whether you like them or not, undeniably big for people who came of age in the 2000s.
Kevin Esherick: I never grew up on them somehow, despite a pretty thorough rock education. There's a handful of their songs I like, and I think one of the members has a bunch of bars near my apartment or something. Sorry, carry on.
Will: Maybe eight years ago, I came across a band called The Fall, and I thought, this is so much of the song structure and the way he's delivering — and in one way it takes away from the specialness of the thing you like, because you wonder, is this an homage, or is this ripping it off, or is it just a really great influence that's been updated with electronics and a new way of performing for a new audience? So, turning that into a question for you: given that you have an art history background — which many of us collectors don't, which is part of why we were so easily taken in by things that just looked like great abstract geometry, though "taken in" might not be the right word, since I'm sure there's abstract work you genuinely do like — how do you differentiate?
Kevin Esherick: Totally. Let me clarify that briefly because it was misconstrued by some. I love a lot of abstract work. Certain pieces just stood out to me as too similar to things that came before, and that's what I wanted to address. But I think abstraction can move us in ways that figurative work cannot, and that's important and cool. I've said Yves Klein is one of my favorite artists, and his most famous works are just walls of blue -- these canvases painted in a shade of blue that he patented. What he was doing with them was trying to create a spiritual object that absorbs the viewer. He had this ironic bent, but I also think he meant it. He's a fascinating figure -- worth looking up and doing a little digging. He died super young, he predicted his own death, and there really was a spiritual element to what he was doing. He's funny and witty, but reverent. Worth a look. That's some abstraction I love -- I'm actually working on abstract work myself with AI right now. Anyway, back to your question.
Will: I want to ask, for the collectors listening -- not for you to prescribe anything, but for your own personal taste -- how do you discern this? When you see something with obvious historical reference points, how do you decide it's original even though it isn't new?
In Utero — Kevin Esherick
Kevin Esherick: I read the description first -- though hopefully the work says something to me before I get there. Another place I think people are misreading me, or I'm miscommunicating, is when I say I want heavy conceptual works. People hear that as "works that don't move you or make you feel something," and it's quite the opposite. This is a counter-Duchamp gambit, and I may have only left this in a footnote -- a lot of people don't read the footnotes. I want everyone to know I write my footnotes to be read. To me, the essay isn't complete without them. I understand the nature of a footnote begs to differ, but they're down there because they don't fit the flow of the essay, even though they're almost equally informative to the point I'm making.
Duchamp talked about the retinal versus the conceptual. He felt that in his time, art had erred too far toward the retinal -- visual art that merely delights people without real meaning behind it. So he went to the polar opposite, doing the most abstractly conceptual stuff possible. He called a urinal a work of art and changed 20th century art largely on account of that. I think his actual intention was to get the world to land somewhere in the middle -- I'm not sure he realized how big an impact those gestures would make, at least early in his life, from my reading. He wanted to find a balance between the two, and I want to find what I call "consummate art" that marries the retinal and the conceptual -- that hits you in the face with beauty when you see it.
So, back to your question: I look at the work first. I try to keep an open mind and be curious about it, and keep -- for lack of a better word -- an open heart, allowing myself to be receptive to the emotional impact of a work from the get-go. I don't mean that in a purely linguistic sense, just: what is it trying to do to me? Then I read the description. When you mention references to art history, I think I can usually tell when someone is referencing other artists as inspirational threads that are being woven into a novel pattern that creates something truly new, versus just following the same thread without contributing anything of their own.
I think this is common enough in art, like in argument -- I call it "persuasion by reference," where you try to make people think your argument or your artwork is good by calling in the big names. Saying, "oh, this is in the style of Mondrian with a touch of Kandinsky" -- that kind of thing wows the ahistorical among us, people who don't know the history as well, into seeing references and feeling like they're getting on the inside, when it may be a totally shallow reference.
I think similarly, from my philosophy background, I really came to detest people invoking Descartes to make their argument, or Kant, or Wittgenstein if they really want to sound smart. Just make your argument from the principles -- don't talk about what some dude a few hundred years ago said about it. It's so often used as a crutch, a way of showing off your references and your reading of the primary text instead of actually reasoning. It's generally just a weakness of the argument itself, lacking a grounding in first principles, instead building off of someone else. I value philosophy for the exercise of working from foundations upward and building a cogent system from there. Similarly in art, you should have an idea that's valuable in and of itself -- and when I say idea, that may just mean an emotional impression. I'm using the word fairly liberally here. I don't have a rubric for it.
That said, I did use references in my latest work, the AI performance piece I have ongoing right now called The Artist Is Absent. The title is a reference to Marina Abramović, who has a performance piece called The Artist Is Present.
In Utero — Kevin Esherick
Will: The idea—
Kevin Esherick: —in the first place had nothing to do with Marina. It had nothing to do with Tehching Hsieh, and nothing to do with Yves Klein. But those are all people I felt it had some resonance with, so I wanted to pay homage to them. It's a one-year-long durational performance, and Tehching Hsieh did a lot of that kind of work throughout his career -- the punch cards, living in a cage for a year. At one point he stopped making art altogether for thirteen years and called that a thirteen-year art performance. I can talk more about the nature of my piece later if you want, but it has a spiritual dimension to it, and a humor and a bombastic nature -- hence the Klein reference.
I don't reference any of that in the work itself, only in the tweet announcing it. Marina is referenced in the work itself -- I thought it was a great cheeky pun I couldn't resist. But I referenced Hsieh and Klein in the tweet partly because these are artists I really love and would love to see more people in our world discover. They're not artists we typically draw on in the digital art world, so I wanted those names out there.
Will: We'll get to your upcoming work toward the end, but I wanted to ask one more thing first. On your Substack, you recently wrote a piece about MangleCore. I'm not really big into AI art at all, particularly the MangleCore stuff -- the reason I'm bringing it up is that a lot of what you said in your piece about generative art could just as easily apply to MangleCore right now. It's the AI du jour. A lot of people are making it, and it's selling far better than any generative art right now.
Kevin Esherick: Which is still way, way less than it was in 2021. Still way low.
Will: Right, if this is its 2021 moment, it's nowhere near what that was. But I want to invite you to talk about whether you feel AI art, or this particular genre, is more insulated from the issues you've pointed out in generative art. From my perspective, it's like, okay, we've got MangleCore on the beach, MangleCore in the town, MangleCore in the car -- and there's nothing to me there. I know this will offend a lot of people, but it feels kind of empty in a lot of ways. It's just the machine making something look weird, and people assign value to it because there's an extra finger or an extra eye. So what? Tell me, Kevin -- what are you liking about it? What do you feel is so promising about it? And are you afraid of it becoming overdone, since it can be infinitely made, just like generative art? It's arguably a discipline of generative art in some ways.
In Utero — Kevin Esherick
Kevin Esherick: Yeah, depending on how we're scoping that term -- for the sake of the essay, I drilled in on a very specific meaning: long-form algorithmic generative crypto art. That term itself is a contentious matter people are wrestling with right now.
For those who don't know, MangleCore is a term I've used for a genre of AI art that is, at least historically, a byproduct of the shortcomings of AI models -- especially early on with DALL-E 2 and early Stable Diffusion. When those models handled human or animal figures, they produced these really distorted forms -- extra fingers, extra toes, messed-up faces. A mangled, distorted look to the human figure. I wrote that essay back in February, and even since then the market has changed substantially. March through May we saw a lot of projects released under that umbrella. As with most art forms, I still don't like most of it. Not all AI art is MangleCore, and AI art more broadly is having a moment right now -- which holds true for some MangleCore work too. My favorite MangleCore piece released this year was Thomas Noya's Total Recall, which you mentioned.
Will: We've mentioned it a lot -- we did a project with Thomas, he's a friend of the show, he's been on the show. But that one, I could see what he was trying to do and what he was trying to comment on. Whereas with some others, it just feels like weirdness for the sake of weirdness, and people are losing their minds over it.
Kevin Esherick: What do you get from Thomas's piece? What do you like about it?
Will: I thought he captured the voyeurism that comes with celebrity, and being the subject of images constantly being captured. It was also interesting that he used the fact that the model probably has so many images of that particular celebrity -- Tom Cruise -- that he was able to create something so accurate. The models really aren't supposed to let you do that, so it's testing the boundaries, pushing them to do things they're not supposed to do. In this case, getting an almost one-to-one, pristine resemblance of him. And the choice to go nude or near nude with it was really interesting too.
Kevin Esherick: I think it's also just a funny project.
Total Recall — Thomas Noya
Will: It was also very funny. I think it started that way, but it's interesting on a lot of levels, even though it's not as conventionally beautiful on its face as some other work that's been made. In the wider AI landscape, I immediately hit on a couple things and thought, okay, I see what he's trying to do here, I can see intention behind it. Whereas with some other things, I don't see as much intention, or it's not as evident to me.
Kevin Esherick: I think the nudity and the choice of Tom Cruise both feed into this sense of vainglory and fame. Tom Cruise feels like the apotheosis of the self-indulgent, vain celebrity to me. And yet there's also this thing about the way his face and body are ever-present, this voyeurism where nothing is hidden from us, the audience. I thought Thomas captured that perfectly. He's some of my favorite, if not my favorite, among this body of work.
That's because MangleCore escapes a lot of the trappings of the critique I made of generative art -- not that it isn't having its own market moment, with people buying stuff that's overproduced and dumb, but it starts from the convenient position that the formal constraints of the genre are already saying something human that matters to us. We see our bodies re-represented in this distorted and striking way, and that right off the bat says something. It speaks to feelings of alienation and surreality and the strangeness of contemporary life in a very natural way -- that's just the immediate tone of a MangleCore work. I think those themes are very appropriate to this moment. The world just feels so fucking weird right now.
We live in this hypermedia environment where disparate bits of information are colliding on our timelines, everything coming together and apart at the same time. None of it makes sense, yet it's all one thing. The distortion of the human form is a good way to approach that subject matter.
But it's also more of a niche than generative art. After a certain number of projects, the genre dries up. Only so many projects can do that distorted-human-body-as-AI-error thing -- it's a narrower genre than algorithmically created art, so there's less leeway until the well runs dry. That's maybe started happening in some pockets, but I think there's good work still to be done. Not really my place to make it, but I saw a collection recently focused on minority experience -- different sexualities, the realities of trans life, the way people feel alienated from the rest of society. That can be very naturally represented through this art form, and I'd like to see more of it. A lot of the stuff that's just throwing distortion on there because it makes things look cool and hardcore is a waste of what the genre can do.
So it has this natural propensity to say something meaningful about this moment in particular, and that's a product of its specificity. The specificity is both a strength and a weakness -- there's only so much that can be done with it, but it says something more pointed from the get-go. It can't be created in quite the same way algorithmic art can. With algorithmic art, you create your algorithm to produce a diversity of works, and once it's built, you can press render ad infinitum and make infinitely many pieces.
Total Recall — Thomas Noya
It doesn't work that way with AI art, even though it has a similar generative nature where you can click to create. All of these works from Thomas's collection -- and basically any collection you'll see -- are handcrafted, requiring a lot of work beyond the prompt, beyond whatever control nets are used to structure it. It's still very much a hand-created piece, and with some literacy in how these works are made, you can feel that. It shows in the collection sizes -- for the most part we're not seeing anything touching 1,000 or 10,000 pieces. Some have pushed a little too high, and I think they should be wary of that.
A lot of the stuff I've seen since I wrote the article wastes the genre's natural capacities -- doesn't use its unique characteristics to do something cool and meaningful, and instead it's just "distorted forms look cool." MangleCore cars, MangleCore streets -- that's become a trope. So in some ways it encounters many of the same risks as generative art; in others it escapes them. It's a different thing.
I certainly didn't write that piece expecting MangleCore to have a multi-year lifespan. Generative art has a multi-year, multi-decade lifespan -- I think we'll see good generative art made for decades to come. MangleCore is much more of this moment. It won't really make sense to make it 10 years from now, because it has its roots in technological shortcomings circa 2022. Even though Thomas's work isn't purely a product of those shortcomings -- he could make a perfect Tom Cruise if he wanted to, this is a deliberate choice -- the idea began there. I think it has a few years to build on those themes, but 10 years from now, if this stuff is still being made, I don't know why we'd be paying attention to it -- it wouldn't tie reasonably to its historical roots. Feelings of alienation and dehumanization aren't going anywhere, but we'll have an expanded visual vocabulary to express them. The distorted figure won't disappear and can still be used impactfully -- there's a very natural emotional response to seeing it -- but as an ascendant genre, I don't think that will be the case in several years.
Will: What are you going to do if your artist LLM just starts cranking out MangleCore because you talked about it on this podcast or on your Substack? Let's talk about this project. You announced it -- we mentioned it already -- The Artist Is Absent. You put a nicely typed letter, a JPEG, up on Twitter. You're training an LLM on your writing and the concepts behind your art pieces, and once the model can credibly produce work indistinguishable from your own voice and vision, you're going to hand over all production of your work to the model for a year. How do you even start doing this?
Kevin Esherick: It starts with the idea. I don't want to say too much about where I'm at with the process -- I'm actually considering not telling anyone when the period is taking place.
Will: Have we already started? Does the letter mark the beginning?
Total Recall — Thomas Noya
Kevin Esherick: That's the question, right?
Was Generative Anesthetics written by my personal LLM? I don't know -- well, I do know, but I'm going to abide in that mystery for now and maybe say more later.
In terms of technical matters, the process involves fine-tuning LLMs on my writing, which is difficult, and on my concepts. I have a fat document in my iPhone Notes app of art ideas -- thousands of ideas I've had for pieces, collections, performances, whatever -- and training the model to produce from those. The initial declaration was really just me letting the world know I'm setting out on this endeavor, marking the conceptual territory and sparking some thinking and discussion.
The reason I'm doing this is that over the next several years we're going to be reckoning with the loss of a lot of what feels special to us because of AI. Jobs will be lost. People's passions will be surpassed by AI -- things you do for fun, laborious chores you do in your personal life, AI will do better. It's whittling down the things we thought were uniquely and creatively ours. At first we thought AI could never beat us at chess -- that happened in the '90s. Then Jeopardy -- that was around 2011. Then, okay, it can't paint -- well, bad news, diffusion models can generate images, and you and I both know people at Matter Labs who have machines that paint oil on canvas. It's starting to do damn near everything we can do, and it's getting close to not exactly thinking for us, but thinking in place of us. That's really scary and going to be really hard for many people. I want to confront that reality before we're adrift in it, so we have some chance to prepare and cope. I've already met people who've lost their jobs to ChatGPT and GPT-4. A lot of the resistance to AI art is people feeling there's a lack of craft around it, which is understandable, but a lot of people also feel genuinely threatened -- graphic designers saying we need protective laws to keep this from coming for our jobs. There's real unrest and angst over this, and I want to serve as a kind of vanguard, confronting it directly. My writing really matters to me. My art really matters to me. Turning those things over to AI is a real loss, and a year of that terrifies me. It remains to be seen publicly whether I'll actually be able to do it, but I think these are themes we need to confront.
There's an idea I've been thinking about recently: conspicuous absence. I tweeted about this, piggybacking off The Artist Is Absent, but also off Lily Iloh's collection from earlier this year, Plans for Future Forms, which renders absence as a kind of presence. She takes AI-generated images of human figures in chairs, then uses AI again to erase the figures from the image. What's left behind is this uncannily distorted image of a chair where you can still see the imprint of the thing that was there -- in some, you can see the shadow of the figure that once sat in it. Her collection is meditating on what we're losing to AI, as well as some personal losses in her life, as her father, himself an artist and architect, ages.
Similarly, there's the painter Titus Kaphar, who has done paintings -- one of my favorites shows Black mothers braiding their daughters' hair, and one of the daughters is excised from the painting, just a white space left behind. That was really poignant to me.
Total Recall — Thomas Noya
These two pieces are like a conspicuous absence mirroring Marina Abramović's conspicuous presence in The Artist Is Present, where the artwork was simply her presence -- she sat with people at MoMA. For those who haven't seen it, definitely worth looking up. There's a documentary, but also a short YouTube clip that's pretty touching -- it involves her former lover of many years, Ulay, with whom she had this insanely romantic yet tumultuous connection and creative partnership. He shows up, and it's pretty moving. I'd check it out. Anyways, the project was about sitting with this theme of an absence that's going to make itself known to us in the years to come. We're going to need to figure out some way to grapple with the significant changes it's going to bring to our society. For me, and I hope for a lot of other people, part of that is learning to fall in love with certain elements of our lives. If AI is coming for the things that make us useful, we might need to reconsider whether we need to feel useful to survive. Right now, feeling useful and productive to society gives a lot of people meaning — it gives me a lot of meaning. I feel valuable on account of being able to contribute to others' lives. That's true for so many people, and AI is going to undermine a lot of it. What makes me useful if AI can do the same thing instantaneously, twice as good, and in my voice, no less? If an LLM can write what I want to write in my voice ten times as fast as I can, then I'm cooked on a pragmatic front.
It's going to become increasingly important to figure out what we truly love doing for its own sake, and to structure our lives around those things. Writing is one of those things for me — as much as I also hate it, I love the feeling of wrestling with these things in my brain and figuring them out for myself. Even if my LLM can write pieces better than I can, I think I'll still want to write the things on my mind, for the exercise of doing so. I think we're going to be looking at how to approach that question across our lives in many different ways over the next decade or so.
That was the initial flagpost for this endeavor — why it took the simple form of a letter, in a typewriter font, with this antiquated, old-timey human feel, and yet pointing to these unknown futures. There will be more public works to come spawning from that project. I'm not going to talk about them yet, but I'll be releasing things that build on the prospect of The Artist Is Absent. No timeline on those yet. I also have some other stuff coming up that has nothing to do with that project.
Will: Well, assuming you do pull it off and get a year off from truly creating, you can join us in Hearthstone. We can make a gamer out of you.
Kevin Esherick: Are you a Hearthstone guy?
Will: Oh yeah, we talk about it at the end of every episode these days.
Total Recall — Thomas Noya
Kevin Esherick: I don't think I've ever played, but my cousin was into it a few years ago — he's a gamer guy, so I've watched him play. I remember some creature that reminded me of the Stranger Things monster, the Demogorgon or whatever.
Will: There's some Cthulhu-looking stuff from one of the sets a while back. Probably one of those.
Kevin Esherick: Honestly, I really miss video games. I was a big gamer as a kid.
Will: Did you play Magic: The Gathering?
Kevin Esherick: Yeah, more so, though it's been a minute. I was like seven when I was playing that, so I don't remember much — I think my parents ended up telling us to stop playing because it was "some heathen shit."
Will: Satanic.
Total Recall — Thomas Noya
Kevin Esherick: Yeah, I don't think they actually stopped us, but they were like, "yo, that's kind of sus." I never played it seriously — I think my older brother got more into that. I was into Pokémon as a kid, Yu-Gi-Oh for sure. Then video games: I had a big COD era, I was a RuneScape kid for a little while. I wanted to play in Call of Duty tournaments, actually — I was playing somewhat competitively. I always got told, "these are wasted hours, you're going to regret this," but I cherish the days in summer 2011 — or maybe it was 2012 — playing Black Ops for three hours a day. I look fondly on those times, being on game battles with friends, spending time with them. There was a real feeling of craft, of learning to develop a skill, that I still value. I'm not sure I'll ever return to a true video game era — I had a brief return with Rocket League at some point — but I'll play some Hearthstone with you.
Will: We'll see. We'll get you on.
Kevin Esherick: Try and suck me in.
Will: We'll train you up, and that's how we'll know the LLM's fully taken over.
Kevin Esherick: When I say yes to that, it means I've had some free time to go pursue those things. It'll be my little signal to you.
Will: All right, Kevin, I think we should wrap it up — I know we're at time. Thank you again for coming on, hope you had a good time. We'll link to all your work and writing below for anyone who wants to learn more about you and consider collecting. We look forward to seeing what you do next.
Total Recall — Thomas Noya
Kevin Esherick: Appreciate it. Great chat — the time kind of flew here.
Will: It does, right?
Kevin Esherick: I appreciate all the questions, letting me talk my talk and clarify where I felt I needed to. Good chatting with you.
Will: I'll see you soon.
Kevin Esherick: All right, thanks, Kevin.
Will: Bye.
Total Recall — Thomas Noya
Kevin Esherick: All right, peace. We're waiting to be signed.
Speaker A: All right. Hello and welcome everyone to another episode of Waiting to Be Signed, a special interview episode. We're joined today by Kevin Esherick, Kevin Esh Online, as you might know him. We have Kevin on today to talk about primarily his recent writing talking about generative art, a really great critique he wrote called Generative Anesthetic. Unfortunately, Trinity is not here today. She's out on work assignment, but we've got Kevin. We're super hyped to have you on. We dedicated a good 30 minutes or so in our last episode talking all about what you wrote, but before we get into all of that, we should learn about you and, uh, Yeah, how's it going, Kevin? Thanks for coming.
Speaker B: Good. Yeah, thanks for having me. Uh, we'll talk about it more later, but the post-essay period has been fairly busy with chattering about that. So, uh, this will be my first podcast getting on and discussing it after hearing it talked about by others a decent bit. So happy to speak my piece on it here, hopefully today.
Speaker A: Yeah, it's great to have you. And, uh, Let's get you introduced to the audience by asking you to tell us a bit about your background in art and coding and how you came to find the blockchain NFTs.
Speaker B: Yeah. Okay. I have no formal background in either art or coding, which I feel is the most blockchain artist type of background. Maybe it's like a very DIY grassroots type community. That exists outside a lot of the traditional institutions. I started coding right after I graduated college, so I didn't study computer science or anything like that. I studied philosophy and psychology. Those weren't aimed at a job or anything. I always wanted to start my own company and I was just interested in those 2 things. So I studied them and went on to work with company ideas. that thematically were related to those. And now I work on art that's related to those. But I, right off the bat, was like, I'm gonna start a company. Built a wellbeing and mental health company. It was an iPhone app that was like a daily personal trainer for your wellbeing and mental health. This was back in 2017. So that space was a little bit different at the time. And I had no engineering background, no co-founder, no footing in the startup world. So no idea how to raise money or hire or anything like that. And I was just kind of like doing this solo dolo, making no money, living at my parents' house. And yeah, that meant I needed to teach myself to code in order to make it happen. And I was very motivated to make it happen. So I just worked 12-hour days for years on this startup trying to build it. And ended up picking up coding in the process, which was super valuable. The startup didn't work out. 3 and a half years of work on that amounted to financially and corporationally nothing. But it was incredibly valuable experience. Like learned so much picking up coding and that was mostly like a JavaScript stack of React, React Native. Some backend things here and there, but yeah, I think like the big thing with picking up coding is taking on a first language and really learning it in depth. And then you kind of become comfortable with navigating just that digital environment, knowing how to use the command line, knowing how to work in VS Code and work with packages and GitHub and shit like that. And so it made me just far more comfortable in that ecosystem. So after the company ended up not working out, I spent some intermediary time like doing writing freelance stuff for mostly tech companies, founders, VCs, stuff like that. Some ghostwriting here and there. And through that process was introduced to NFTs actually, because this was 2021 and around the time that everything just kind of started to pop off. I was doing writing for people whose names I can't say, but it involved learning about crypto and NFTs and putting together like some research briefs on the Beeple sales and some of the things that were happening in music NFTs at the time. So I started to learn about that. And at the same time, like my creative itch was beginning to burn following the shutting down of the company, cuz the company really was like a creative endeavor for me in many ways. I did all of the UX/UI stuff for it, which I really enjoyed and found myself to have a knack for some mode of visual art, which was exciting to me cuz I'd always had a deep interest in art for all of my life, but never formally engaged with it. I grew up in Maryland, outside of DC. And so free museums were always at my disposal. Not that I was like a regular attendee or anything, but my older brother was a big inspiration on the arts front, always engaging with music and fine art and literature and stuff. So I was just passionate about those things from an early age, took AP Art History in high school. school and really liked that as a way of approaching history through the lens of mostly visual ideas. I thought that was pretty fascinating and far more engaging than just reading like a textbook on Civil War history or something like that. So doing freelance writing, I'm learning about crypto in the process. I've got the coding skillset under my belt and I'm doing a little freelance work And I feel like this creative urge to start making shit again. So I started a project during this time called Material that involves a pair of jeans that I wear that I thrifted and then like custom tailored and bleach dyed in my parents' bathtub and shit. The idea with them was that when I had special, memorable, compelling moments, experiences, connections with people while wearing those jeans, I would invite them to add their own work of art so that it's this collaborative canvas that serves as like a tapestry of my identity in a way that's more complex than any brand label will signify.
Speaker A: Mm-hmm.
Speaker B: My brother, I think around that time, was releasing a line of clothing that he had started. And so fashion was on my mind some, and I was thinking about like how these very outward signals that we choose to inform others on our identities can kind of like be pioneered into new directions and go beyond just the Gucci label on your shirt or whatever the hell it's going to be and say more about you beyond just like affiliation with A corporation that the garment is made by and say something like truly idiosyncratic, personal to you. I thought this was a fun, expressive way to do that. And it was also coinciding and I think partially prompted by like COVID sort of receding or some of the restrictions receding and people stepping back out into the world. And I was like thrilled at the prospect of like going out and engaging with people and like having experiences for the first time in a year plus. I mean, obviously you can have other kinds of experiences that don't involve that sort of thing, but like going back out into the urban world of like rich human interaction. And as I was working on those jeans, the crypto stuff was percolating in my head and pieces begun to be added to them. And I would like get compliments on them wherever I went because people were like, oh, sick jeans. Like, That's cool art you have on them. The idea being, by the way, to like bring art into as close of contact with life as possible.
Speaker A: Mm-hmm.
Speaker B: So this is kind of like a, a core nugget in my aesthetic theory that I want art to like change our relationship to our own lives. And there's this function of distance that can be mediated where you get closer to or further from life through art. I probably shouldn't go into that in too much detail right now, but maybe another day or at the end of the podcast or something. But it's going to get digressive. But yeah, these jeans were intended to like create the most like present in the moment representation of a part of my life as possible, rather than, you know, someone going back to a studio and painting something from memory or from a sketch or whatever.
Speaker A: Yeah.
Speaker B: This was like the moment is kind of inscribed into the artwork. There was, there was kind of a metaphysical inquiry going on there. Like, can the jeans be like imbued with these moments by having these rituals around them where like the moment is noticed and then harnessed and then imprinted onto the jeans? And that was, yeah, that was a very like post-COVID kind of thinking for me. Anyways, the jeans, yeah, they were going well. Like several people had added artworks to them and I thought they were beautiful, other people thought they were beautiful. And none of the artists who had contributed to them ever really got to be on the receiving end of any of this, even though this was a collaborative project. And of course, like, I had put in the bulk of the effort. There were other people who helped make the jeans what they were, and I wanted to find some way of rewarding them for that, distributing that value. And I was learning about NFTs.
Speaker A: Mm-hmm.
Speaker B: And I was like, oh, these could be a really interesting way of distributing the feeling of ownership potentially like some financial stake in the project, even though till then it was unfinancialized. But a way of distributing value of this centralized thing that without technology could only be in this one place at one time. So I ended up making a video of the jeans. It's like a studio shot video of the jeans rotating 360. They came out looking pretty sweet, I think. probably like won't make sense and will sound super jank looking to people hearing the description. But if you want to check it out, it's called Material. You can find it through my Twitter or whatever. And every time a new piece is added to the jeans, I create a video for that. I mint it as an NFT. And then over time, I sell these to collectors and the proceeds are then distributed back to all of the people who've added work to the jeans. I'm also working on private copies of those NFTs for the artists who've added to them. So they still have that feeling of ownership because that was the original idea behind making the NFTs was like to give these NFTs to the artists until they were going to be sold. And then they like get the sales split from them, but it ended up just not making much sense to do this like wallet back and forth.
Speaker A: I remember hearing about those jeans from Matt, I think our mutual friend.
Speaker B: Oh yeah. No way.
Speaker A: Did he contribute to them as well?
Speaker B: He has.
Speaker A: Yes. I think I remember hearing about it from him.
Speaker B: And he also owns one of them. Yeah, Matt Condon, everyone. Good friend and major helper for me early on in the process of bringing this work to life. He brought me on Digitally Rare a couple of years ago to talk about it. And then also like a year and a half ago to talk about it some more. He's contributed to the conceptualization of it and like just helping me navigate the NFT world when I had no footing there. He was like the first real NFT person I talked to and contributing to the jeans themselves and then collecting a piece and acting in the DAO that now exists. So every collector enters a DAO based on that token ownership. Every artist who adds a piece and every collector is in this DAO that votes on real decisions.
Speaker A: Yeah.
Speaker B: decisions in my life, including for me to move to New York. So I moved here in 2022 because they voted for me to do so as a way of like, so they not only have this financial stake in the Genes, but they also have an actual directive ownership stake that makes decisions and can, yeah, guide the outcome of the project that they have this collaborative ownership in. So that's a super long answer to your question. Yeah.
Speaker A: That's okay.
Speaker B: But that is how I ended up getting involved in art and NFTs. And from that project, it just kind of became this like creative floodgate opening. And I was so interested by like the possibilities of art on the blockchain, digital art, art in general. So here I am.
Speaker A: I had totally forgotten that you were the person who had done the jeans. So what a coincidence. You're describing like that you were doing this research and learning about NFTs through your professional life. Obviously you knew Matt, who was a really, you know, early, you know, active, like, ETH developer participant, even some of the early token standards that we use now, right? Like he's—
Speaker B: Yeah, he contributed to 721s and 1155s for them to— those who don't know. And I believe started the first NFT podcast in 2019. Probably. Digitally Rare, he and Jonathan Mann run or were running for a while. I'm not sure when the last episode came out. But yeah, Matt's an OG and an NFT artist in his own right. He's the dude who has an NFC chip in his hand, if anyone has heard about that, which you can scan to collect NFT stickers of him.
Speaker A: Well, what was the journey like for you? I mean, I think I feel like a lot of people, and also given the time that you were kind of starting research, there was so much crypto and NFT skepticism out there. And it was kind of like, pick your angle, right? It's all a casino. It's all Ponzi scheme. It's burning up the environment. I mean, it was pretty hard, I think, for the average layperson to get past all of that stuff and actually like take an honest look at the technology and some of the more like well-intended stuff going on here. So like, what was that? Was it like Matt and coming up with this idea and saying and thinking like, wow, 'cause like, 'cause you could have done that without the blockchain, right? You could have just had like a boilerplate contract ownership thing like existed.
Speaker B: Yeah.
Speaker A: Right. What made you think or want to like use this technology or like what kind of brought you around to it in a way to think positively?
Speaker B: I like have just a pretty thorough disposition toward techno optimism. I've loved tech since I was a kid. Like the future has always interested me and that's my default response to new technologies is just like wonder and excitement and wanting to know how it works and what we can do with it. So yeah, there wasn't really like any initial knee-jerk balking at the prospect of it or anything. It was like, okay, what can this do? Let's run with it, see what happens. And I think like the unique feeling of ownership conferred by NFTs like really did feel like something that, I don't know, just like a COA or something like that, like doesn't quite capture. And then the networked nature of it was like fascinating to me that like, These tokens, the material NFTs, because they derive from the same contract on this blockchain, they have like this inherent tie to one another, like they are siblings of sorts. And then the like baked-in royalty splits, it was like I could have an auction for these things. And the money would by default split to the wallets for the artists who've contributed. Permissionlessly. I could do nothing about it. And it just felt like incredibly elegant to me. And I thought I was doing something like pretty new and interesting with it. And yeah, in case my writing or my art hasn't showed this so far, new ideas are a big draw of intrigue for me and something I really enjoy exploring. So there was never really any skepticism. Like I was aware of the climate critiques and stuff and my take then and my take now was, one, I think we'll figure it out and we'll make it not so bad for the environment. 2, it's probably still a net good. That isn't my take with all technology. I'm not just like a tech is good, period. I'm basically like a tech is neutral, period type person and think it's about the ends we put it toward and how we balance out any secondary effects it might have or anything like that. And in some sense, I'm actually like a deep techno pessimist in that I believe it's like a hedonic treadmill. And ultimately, like, if we aren't going within and doing internal development, then we're just like— it's more that I'm like a material pessimist in that I don't really believe material improvement of our lives is actually going to better them that significantly in the end, because we always find new wants and new desires to have. And if we're not going to the root of that problem, like in a Buddhist sense, and wrangling with our own predisposition towards suffering and desire and lack of contentment, then I think the circus is gonna carry on and there's gonna be this buffet of ever-increasing desires and we'll always have new problems to to solve. There's a Sisyphean optimism and pessimism there. And it's like, maybe Sisyphus is having a good time rolling the ball up the hill. But yeah, I think like it would be better if Sisyphus realized he didn't need to roll the ball up the hill and was able to like sit down and get in a deep meditative state and become free of suffering. And then maybe get back to it and just have that baseline happiness and enjoy rolling the ball up the hill on top. that for what it is.
Speaker A: Solving the fundamental problem of contentedness through the blockchain is not something that I thought we'd be driving towards here. And I—
Speaker B: And I don't think it's gonna do it for us.
Speaker A: Yeah, I think, I think a lot of the critique that you point out in your writing that kind of blew up and got a lot of attention within the generative art community and NFT art community more broadly, generative anesthetic— let's dive into that because I think we're kind of navigating towards it anyways.
Speaker B: Yeah, totally.
Speaker A: And you know, we met a couple weeks ago. I actually had not read your piece the night that we met, but, um, it's long. Read the next day.
Speaker B: Yeah, I hadn't heard longer than most are used to reading online.
Speaker A: I'll say it's a lot quicker the second time you read it. It goes a lot.
Speaker B: Okay.
Speaker A: Yeah, I enjoyed it a lot on the reread. We chatted a little bit after the fact and you said that you started writing this in 2022.
Speaker B: Yeah.
Speaker A: Which makes a lot of sense, right? Because that was kind of when we still had a lot of the residual effects of like that hype of 2021, in particular, like the Art Blocks hype and the early fx hash hype and the rampant speculation. And I guess, you know, for whatever reason, you kind of put it to the side, found time to come back to it. And now here we are halfway through 2024, it's out. You know, the market's changed a lot since then. So, you know, I guess first of all, like what made you decide to publish that piece?
Speaker B: Now, good question. And I appreciate, yeah, having the opportunity to like explain why and, and when and what the timeline was, because basically writing is hard. I started it in 2022. I started taking notes on it then, and that ballooned to 40 pages of notes eventually, and a lot of reading and research and stuff like that. And just like exploring the generative art world, I wanted to feel like I was truly immersed in it. It also meant me releasing 3 generative projects of my own in the meantime. Maybe people who read it don't realize, but I've released 3 generative projects. So I'm not just like critiquing this space from the outside. I mean, my projects are like definitely not the traditional gen art projects you're used to seeing.
Speaker A: Yeah.
Speaker B: But they are generative nonetheless. And so I've become pretty well acquainted with that paradigm. But yeah, I started on Notes at that time because this is what I saw. I was getting involved in the space. I was largely just, yeah, like frustrated. Like, I don't get what I'm not getting here. Like, why is everyone so obsessed with this? It seemed pretty insane to me, the extent of the monomania on it. And that's also part of what I want to emphasize. is that it was just as much about like the fixation on this one thing as it was about the one thing. I'd have been fine like leaving the genre be if it didn't make up such a broad scope of the projects that people were paying attention to in the crypto art world. But it felt like really dominant to me. And I was like, guys, there's other cool stuff out there. Let's check it out. But so yeah, I started taking notes. And I just right now am not doing writing full-time. I'm making art full-time and really trying to establish my career on that front. That only started in 2021 and I'm getting my footing and it's really hard to make a living as an artist. And that's the only job I have right now. And so I just kind of like grind my face off trying to make that happen. And writing is something that is Really difficult. It's something that I love and like find myself doing naturally, but if you don't put in consistent time for it, it's sort of like a muscle that like atrophies. And when you put it down for a while, like the first couple days getting back into it are grueling. Like, at least for me, like I have like a really hard time just like writing freely. I feel like I need to like know the structure of things and like see the next paragraph unfolding before me rather than just kind of like writing word by word, and that's kind of grueling. There was never a good financial reason for me to get back into writing this, ironically. And I also was just kind of scared. People like have strong feelings about generative art, and like I have really dear friends who love generative art, and I love pockets of generative art, to clarify. But I didn't want to piss people off. I don't see myself as like some firebrand, like, who's out here trying to start a ruckus online or anything like that. Like, discourse is important to me, but like thoughtful and tempered discourse. And people online can be loud and mean. And yeah, I think actually releasing it when I did was kind of helpful because I came to know many more people in the space. And so they like know me personally and understand that I like wasn't trying to be a dick about this. But yeah, I started really writing on it after I had collected these 40 pages of notes like way earlier this year. And even then it was always on my mind and I just, I kind of kept saying to myself like, damn it, like this is getting away from me. Like this is gonna be too late. Even by the end of last year, I was like, fuck, this is like, the market's no longer what it once was. This is losing its relevance. And I was, I had 2 partner generative art projects planned that were supposed to be like released alongside this essay, Catalog and DVD Screensaver, which are generative projects that critique the generative art paradigm in some way. And so I wanted to release this with them and like have it be kind of this triad that helps make sense of my body of thought on this front. I was able to finish those 2 projects. I wasn't able to finish the essay. And so those came out in— 2023. Catalog December of last year, DVD screensaver March of this year. And then I had an opportunity come up where I had this show with Expanded in Berlin at their physical gallery. They're releasing my collection in utero. And so just like opportunities were starting to come to me that just continued to crowd out working on this essay. Even on the writing front, I worked with Lily Iloh on an essay talking about her collection Plans for Future Forms. And so like that was kind of taking up my writing bandwidth for a time there. Prior to that, I decided to write that MangleCore essay, which took up some of my bandwidth. And yeah, finally In Utero opened in Berlin. I came home and I like had some time to write on this. And so I finally just made the space to like sit down and bang out the essay drawn from all of those notes. And I almost like, I really sat down and looked at it and was like, I don't know if I want to release this anymore. I'm almost like embarrassed. Yeah, it just feels so late. But I had put all of this work into the essay and was kind of like, whatever, send it out there. If people like it, cool. Maybe they'll say you're super slow on this, blah, blah, blah. I'll add a note saying that this is kind of what went down. And I'm glad I put it out. It was very close to not being released, but I didn't want all that work to be for naught. And I thought that there might be still some people who like felt the way that I felt and needed to like find this expression to their ideas. And yeah, it seems to have resonated. A lot of people have felt like it was articulating a thing that they hadn't previously been able to put words to.
Speaker A: Yeah, I think it came out in some ways at a very good time because the community And the collector base has shrunk so much. Like the only people left are the ones who do, are open to talking about things like this and thinking about it and not just like, you know, pumping their bags. Right. Like there are still a few people, I guess, who are pretty heavily invested, but even then I think that they are a lot more thoughtful about like what they collect and thinking more long-term about it. And I guess that's a good way to ask you like, well, what's the reaction been like? I mean, Yeah. Looking on Twitter, like from what I saw, it seemed like the people who replied were engaging with you, I think, in a pretty levelheaded and constructive way.
Speaker B: Totally.
Speaker A: Each person maybe had their own little nit to pick, but no one seemed to be condemning it as a whole. And I hope it's been like a positive experience for you, but let us know, what was it like?
Speaker B: Yeah, no, it has. The discourse has been like really overwhelmingly positive, I'd say. Pretty thoughtful. And that's really nice. I tried to like set a good tone to it, I think, and like be even-handed and took pains to like show that I'm acting in good faith here and not that I just like have this itch that I wanna scratch and like just kind of have this cantankerous disposition sort of thing that I need to vent about. It wasn't like that. It was like trying to think through something and what's causing things that I think like aren't good for the space and how we can improve on those. And it felt like people picked up on that and have like responded in kind. And there's been like, even where people disagree, it's been like mostly polite and thoughtful across the board. Like, on the whole, can't complain. A couple people who've like said mean things here and there.
Speaker A: Mm-hmm.
Speaker B: But even privately, like, it's a lot of people DMing me and being like, Hey, this was like really gratifying to read. And coming from generative artists, generative art collectors, people who work at generative art platforms all across the board. And yeah, pretty often there is like that nit to pick. It seems like a lot of times it's like, great essay, really loved reading this. Don't agree with everything, but it's worth reading. And yeah, that's super cool. Like, I feel like you don't get that every day where like you write something that a lot of people are gonna disagree with in a pretty strong way, at least in some regard, and still say like, yeah, this was good shit, you should read it. So that's been nice. And yeah, the back and forth has been good and valuable. And that's like really what I wanted is to just get people to reflect on it some more, like put these ideas out there. Ideas to me are— I don't really hold like firm beliefs. on most things, definitely not like these things. And when I say that, like, I'm not saying I'm just like floating in the wind, but my beliefs are like kind of probability assignments. I'm like, okay, there's like a 70% chance that this particular financial mechanism within NFTs is bad. And like, here's some evidence for it. And here's what it's doing. But that 70% is like liable to being changed. And I like hold the other 30% in a kind of counter position as well. I'm like, Well, there are these other reasons that, that isn't so bad. Like, we'll probably talk about this later, but like things like the scale of production in generative art, I think is one of those things where like, I have some critiques of it. I think it also does some really cool stuff and where I fall exactly. I don't know. I'm still trying to figure it out. So like, none of this is like set in stone, ossified in my mind. It's less about like, Yeah. me and sharing my opinion and just like hoping to get these ideas out into the world and prompt people to reflect on them for their own sake and hopefully like come away better for it.
Speaker A: Yeah, it definitely spoke to a lot of things that we've talked about on the show. And we did our brief breakdown of it in the previous episode. One of the things that we had kind of touched on in that analysis was like, it feels like in a lot of ways, this is also a critique of collectors and not so much of the art form, though I don't really think that collectors were named so, so much in there. They were kind of just lumped into like these, like the market forces kind of aspect of it.
Speaker B: Yeah, which I maybe should have drilled in on, I should say, because I think a lot of people have like, in the wake of this, have like been wary about speaking of like, quote unquote, the market as like this big bad monster thing. The idea with that was like not to deflect blame from any party in particular, but But to actually point to everyone as being complicit. I was trying to say the market, like, everyone's a part of that rather than no one's a part of that. And I think there's this thing that happens where markets serve as what I'm calling like blame deferral devices, where everyone is complicit but can deny their complicity by just saying, no, like, these are the rules of the game. This is how you play. A lot of the backlash at me, to the extent that exists, has been people saying like, artists are just trying to make their bag, like, blame the collectors. But you can equally say like, collectors are just trying to make their bag. They have families too. They need to put bread on the table. Like, if they're flipping, that's their prerogative. And they all just exist within like the formal structures of this game that we've created. And they're playing their rational part in that game. That's why I'm trying to like call into question the structure as a whole and like the way its rules cause the parts to interrelate. When I say the market, I'm talking about the collectors, I'm talking about the artists, I'm talking about the platforms, I'm talking about the spectators, the podcasters, the think piece writers, and how we all contribute to that cycle and where we can step in. I can maybe say more on this later, but like, I don't believe in a fatalism that's just like, oh, that's the way the system is. Like, what are we supposed to do about it?
Speaker A: Yeah.
Speaker B: Let's buck back. Put some new ideas out there, make shit happen.
Speaker A: I would ask like, well, what are your hopes then? Because I think from our side looking, it seems like with the market slowing, we did see like a moment of like artists who kind of scrambled and they just were like, jumped to this chain and that chain and this new platform and that new platform. And I'm gonna go try this. And like, it kind of did feel like there were some who decided I'm not going to like work harder. I'm just gonna try to like chase the money as the money rotates around, which, you know, like the most recently into Ordinals and Bitcoin stuff, or like cleaving off and going, you know what, I don't do code anymore. I do AI because this AI stuff is like selling like crazy.
Speaker B: Yeah.
Speaker A: And that's just like, it might be easier for me to make a name or reputation that way. I feel like there definitely was a subset who almost just like let the market dictate entirely like what their practice was going to be and, and weren't being very intentional about it. But then there are some who have like went the other direction and said like, okay, the market sucks. I have to be more precious about what I do. I'll take this time to really sharpen my coding skills or work on more like bigger picture, you know, like you said, like why not both? Like trying to make projects that can be generative but also have meaning to them. Not just putting out something that's pretty.
Speaker B: Yeah.
Speaker A: I mean, in these last 2 years, like, have you found a little more hope? for the space that maybe wasn't expressed in the essay?
Speaker B: I think so. Yeah. I mean, I have like a default critical brain, I think, especially when it comes to like fine art. I mean, really art in general, but like fine art is a medium where I think it's hard to like make something that really hits people. If 25% of like art pieces connect with me, like maybe 40% of songs do or something like that. Like, I feel like, like music is kind of like a more accessible medium than fine art in a certain sense. So there's always going to be like a proportion of the work that's being shared that like, I just don't really fuck with. That being said, one, I think that proportion within our space probably has gotten higher. I certainly haven't run like an analysis on that or anything. But, well, I also wanted to say that like, I don't necessarily think that the buckling down and working on one's practice and taking the like chill time to think about how to improve the art, and then the thread of people pursuing the money on Ordinals or whatever are necessarily incongruent with one another and incompatible. Like, I'm less concerned with what chain people are releasing on or anything like that. Like, if there was a blockchain that had zero financial traffic on it, and one that had a ton, and you could create the same project on either and make zero money or a ton of money, then yeah, go for the one that's going to make you money. Where I begin to take issue with it is when it actually changes the nature of the work. And That's like what I felt has happened to some extent with generative art, or it has led to like the cheapening of certain kinds of work. But I think, yeah, we're maturing. It's, it's an early space. And there's an extent to which both the collectors and the artists in this realm, myself included, are a little bit ahistorical. Like we don't come in here with MFAs and shit, which is super cool because it means like, I don't know, we don't have this haughty art world vibe and like we can think through new ideas and really come from like a new perspective. But at the same time, like that has ended up with a lot of retreads of shit. Like having that exposure to art history does help you like build an intuition for like the trajectory of art history. And that will also help you better understand like what's going to be important years from now. Like, you develop taste through studying art history, or a better, like, connection with your own intuitions and a better ability to execute on those intuitions. And I think we're largely still developing that. I learn art history as much as I can. I spend a lot of time reading books around that stuff and studying old projects, but like, I didn't go to art school. I don't have an MFA. Like, Yeah. I'm working on it and everyone else is too. And so I think that will come with time, hopefully. Yeah, we're better now there than we were 2 years ago. But I do think, yeah, a lot of the stuff that was getting put out was like p5.js tutorial level or like things that have just been going on in like the generative art Instagram scene for the last 10 years or something. And now money could be made off of it, or it was reminiscent of '60s, '70s computer art, or like '30s and '40s geometric abstraction shit. There was a good bit of ground that was retread on account of like not really understanding the history that was there, or only like having like a slight knowledge of it and thinking that what you were doing hadn't been beaten to death or something like that.
Speaker A: Hmm.
Speaker B: But I think we're growing and improving on that front. And the hope with the essay partially is that like people are I don't want to say like I'm trying to scare people, but I do want there to feel like there's kind of this bar that's being held for people. Like, I want people to be able to create freely and share that freely, but I also think it will be better for all of us in the end if the stuff that we are rewarding financially, and that's like what we're legitimizing, what we're communicating with the rest of the world, is important to the space, is like the really high quality stuff that is going to last. Because there are things in art that like are more quality than others and are going to hold up better to the test of time. And I hope that like the essay can help kind of catalyze people to feel held to a standard in rewarding those sorts of things.
Speaker A: You know, listening to that, right, like, and maybe to make the music analogy, you know, I think we're about the same age. Like, there's a lot of bands that like we grew up with and probably really liked, and then when you start digging back into older stuff like '60s, '70s, '80s, and you're like, oh wow. Like, like to do an example, like—
Speaker B: Yeah, give me one.
Speaker A: LCD Soundsystem, you know, right? Like a huge band, you know, whether you like them or not, like undeniably like a big band for people who matured in the 2000s.
Speaker B: Yeah, I never grew up on them somehow, despite like a pretty thorough rock education. They're like a handful of their songs that I like, and I think one of the members has like a bunch of bars near my apartment or something Oh, maybe. Sorry, carry on.
Speaker A: For example, like, oh, like it was what, maybe like 8 or so years ago. And I somehow came onto a band called The Fall and I was like, oh, this is like so much of the song structure and the way he's delivering. And in one way it's like, it takes away from the specialness of that thing that you like. 'Cause you're like, oh, is this like, is this like an homage or is this like ripping it off? Or is this just like a really, really great influence that has now been updated with like electronics and a new way of performing and a new audience? And so now I'd like to turn that into a a question for you and kind of your critique, like, for your own self. How do you differentiate, you know, since you do have— for many of us collectors don't have this art history background, which is why I think we were so easily taken in by things that just looked like great abstract geometry. And maybe taken in is not the right word, right? Because I— there is some, like, abstract stuff that I'm sure you do like.
Speaker B: Totally. Let me clarify that briefly because this was misconstrued by some. I love a lot of abstract shit. The geometric abstraction with Like certain stuff just like really stood out as similar to things that came before. And, and so wanted to talk on that, but like, I think abstraction can move us in ways that figurative stuff cannot and that it's important and cool. And I've said Yves Klein is one of my favorite artists and his maybe most famous works are just walls of blue.
Speaker A: Mm-hmm.
Speaker B: Basically they're, they're these canvases just painted in this shade of blue that he patented. But like, what he was doing with them was trying to create a spiritual object that absorbs the viewer. And he had this kind of ironic bent, but I also think he meant it. And he's a really fascinating figure for anyone who isn't familiar with him. Like, I'd look him up and do a little digging. He like died super young. He predicted his own death. He really did have like this spiritual element going on there. And He's like funny and witty, but reverent and yeah, worth a check. But that's some abstraction that I love. I'm working on abstract work right now myself with AI. Sorry. Anyways, back to your question. I just wanted to—
Speaker A: I want to just ask for people, 'cause I, you know, there's collectors who listen who, and again, not, not for you to prescribe anything, but for your own personal taste, how do you discern then? And like, when you see something that has obvious, like historical reference points, I guess, how do you decide like, yeah, this is original even though it is not new? Do you know what I mean?
Speaker B: Like— Yeah, totally. I read the description first. Hopefully like the work says something to me before I read the description. I think another point where people are misreading me or I'm miscommunicating is me saying that like I want super heavy conceptual works that like don't just move you or make you feel something. And it's like, quite the opposite. This is like a counter-Duchamp gambit where he— and I, I may have just left this in a footnote, and a lot of people don't read the footnotes. I want everyone to know I write my footnotes to like be read, and like to me, in some sense, the essay isn't complete without the footnotes. I understand that the nature of a footnote begs to differ, but they're down there because they don't fit within the flow of the essay, but they're like almost equally as informative to the point I'm trying to make. Duchamp talked about like the retinal versus the conceptual, and he felt that in his time, the art had erred too far toward the retinal, i.e., like visual art that merely like visually delights people and doesn't have real meaning behind it. And so he went to this like polar opposite realm where he did like the most abstractly conceptual stuff possible. He called a urinal a work of art and he changed like 20th century art largely on account of that. I think his intention actually was to like try and get the world to land somewhere in the middle. I'm not sure he realized just how big of an impact those gestures would make, at least in, in early points of his life from my reading. Like he wanted to find a balance between the two and I want to find like this what I call consummate art that like marries those 2 things, the retinal and the conceptual, and like hits you in the face when you see it is beautiful. So like back to answering your question, yeah, I look at the work to start. I try to keep an open mind and be curious about it. I try to keep like, I don't know, for lack of a better word, like an open heart, like allowing myself to be receptive to like the emotional impact of a work or whatever it's trying to say from the get-go. And when I say say, I don't I don't mean like purely in a linguistic sense, but just like, what is it trying to do to me? I then read the description and you mention references to art history. I think I can usually tell when people are like referencing other artists because those were like inspirational threads that contributed here, but that like those threads are weaving together in a novel pattern that's creating something truly new versus either just following the same thread and not really contributing anything of their own. Or I think this is like common enough in art also, just like in argument, but I call it like persuasion by reference, where you try and like make people think either your argument is good or your artwork is good by saying like, calling in the big names basically.
Speaker A: Mm-hmm.
Speaker B: And saying like, oh, this is like in the style of Mondrian with a touch of Kandinsky. Or something like that. And, you know, that kind of like wows people to the ahistorical of our bunch, like people who don't know the history as well, to like see references to that history. Like that helps them feel like they're getting on the inside with that when it may just totally be a shallow reference to that history. I think people similarly, like from my philosophy background, like I really came to detest this, like people invoking Descartes to make their argument Or invoking Kant or whatever, or Wittgenstein if they really wanna sound smart. And it's like, no, just make your argument like from the principles. Like, don't talk about what this dude a few hundred years ago said about it. It's so often used as a crutch and a way of like trying to talk others out of the room to show that you have all of these references and you can speak to your reading of the primary text and shit like that. And yeah, I think it's generally just like a weakness of the argument itself, where it lacks like a grounding in first principles and they're instead just like building off of someone else. And I value philosophy for the exercise in working from foundations upward and building a cogent system from there. And I think similarly in art, like you should have an idea that is like valuable in and of itself. And again, when I say idea, like that may just mean like an emotional impression or something like that. I'm using that fairly liberally here, but I don't have a rubric or anything like that. Yeah, I mean, I, I used references in my latest, the AI performance thing that I have ongoing right now called The Artist Is Absent. The title right there at the face of it is a reference to Marina Abramović, who, who has a performance piece called The Artist Is Present.
Speaker A: The idea.
Speaker B: In the first place had nothing to do with Marina. It had nothing to do with Tehching Hsieh, and it had nothing to do with Yves Klein. But those are all people who I like felt it had some resonance with. And so I kind of wanted to pay homage to them. Like it's a 1-year-long durational performance and Tehching Hsieh did a lot of that throughout his performance.
Speaker A: Right.
Speaker B: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. He did the punch cards. He lived in a cage for a year. He, at some point, stopped making art altogether for 13 years and like called that a 13-year art performance. Yeah, I can talk more about the nature of that work later if we want, but it has like something of a spiritual dimension to it and like a humor and a bombastic nature. And so there, the Klein reference. And that's— yeah, I was almost referencing those. I don't reference them in the work itself. I referenced it in like the tweet. Obviously Marina is referenced in the work, but— I just thought a really great cheeky pun there that I couldn't resist. But I partially, yeah, referenced those things in the tweet because it's like, these are artists who I really love and I'd love to see more people in our realm discover them. And they're not like artists who we typically tend to draw on in the digital art world so much. So I just wanted those names to be put out there.
Speaker A: We'll do your upcoming work towards the end, but I wanted to ask you one more thing before we get there. You know, also on your Substack, you recently wrote a piece about MangleCore, and I thought it was almost kind of like— I'm like not really big into AI art at all.
Speaker B: Okay.
Speaker A: In particular, the MangleCore stuff. Well, no, I— it's not so much that. Um, the reason I'm bringing it up is because I felt like a lot of what you said in your piece about generative art could just as easily be applied to MangleCore right now. It's like the AI du jour. Like, a lot of people are making it. It's selling far better than any generative art right now.
Speaker B: Which is still way, way less than it was in 2021. Still way low.
Speaker A: Like, yeah, like, if this is its 2021 moment, then that's nowhere near what it was, right? I just want to, like, invite you to talk a little bit about, do you feel like AI art or this particular genre is, like, more insulated from some of those issues that you've pointed out here? Of— because, like, From my perspective, it's like, okay, we've got MangleCore on the beach, we've got MangleCore in the town, we got MangleCore in the car. And I'm just like, I— there's nothing to me. And I, and I know this will like offend a lot of people, but like, to me it does kind of feel kind of empty in a lot of ways.
Speaker B: Yeah.
Speaker A: Because it's just like the machine made it look weird, and then a lot of people are prescribing value to it because it's like there's an extra finger or there's an extra eye and Like, okay, so what? So what? Tell me, Kevin, like, what, what are you liking about it? And what, what do you feel is so promising about it? And are you afraid of it kind of becoming overdone? So like, because it can be infinitely made just like generative art, right? It is a discipline of generative art, I guess, in some ways.
Speaker B: Yeah, yeah, yeah. Depending on how we're scoping that term, which for the sake of the essay, I drilled in on a very specific meaning of long-form algorithmic generative crypto art. But yeah, that term is kind of a contentious matter that people are wrestling with as we speak. Okay, so first, just like for those who don't know, MangleCore is a term I've used to talk about this genre of art within AI that is, at least in its history, like a byproduct of the shortcomings of AI models and the way they toss out all of Especially early on with like DALL-E 2 and early versions of Stable Diffusion, like when they're doing human figures or like animal figures, they produce things that have these really distorted forms. As you said, extra fingers, toes, fucked up faces. Like there's this mangled, distorted look to the human figure. I wrote this essay about it back in February. I would say even since then, yes, like the market has kind of changed substantially, I think. March through May, we saw a lot of projects released under this umbrella. As with most art forms, I still don't like most of it. Also, yeah, not, not all AI art is Manglecore, and AI art more broadly is kind of having a moment that, that holds true for some Manglecore stuff as well. But like, I don't know, my favorite, what I would call Manglecore piece released this year was Thomas Noya's Total Recall, which you guys mentioned. Yes, in the last episode.
Speaker A: And we've mentioned it a lot. I mean, because that one has a great story to it, and that's one where I saw it and I guess just with my own, um, and you know, we've done a project with Thomas, like he's a friend of the show and he's been on the show. But yeah, like that one, I could see what he's trying to do with it and the things he was trying to comment on with it. Whereas for some others, it just feels like it's just being weird for the sake of being weird, and people are really like losing their minds over it.
Speaker B: Yeah. What do you get from Thomas's piece? What do you like about it?
Speaker A: From Thomas's piece, I really thought that he captured the voyeurism that comes with celebrity and being the subject of like your images constantly being captured. I think it was also interesting that he used, you know, the fact that probably this model has so many images of this particular celebrity like Tom Cruise in it that he was able to create something that was like so accurate and yeah, But also like the models are really not supposed to let you do that. Right. And so like that kind of is like testing the boundaries of the models to an extent and pushing them to do things they're not supposed to do. But in this case, it was like getting that almost like one-to-one pristine resemblance of him.
Speaker B: Yeah.
Speaker A: And also like just the choice to like go nude or near nude with it, I thought was really interesting.
Speaker B: I think it's also just like a funny project.
Speaker A: Like, well, it was also very funny.
Speaker B: Yes.
Speaker A: Yeah. And I think he, I think it started that way, but it's also like interesting on a lot of levels that even though it's not as like, um, maybe as like on its face beautiful as some of the other stuff that has been made. Well, I mean, I guess in like the wider AI landscape too, to me, I just like immediately hit on a couple things where I was like, okay, I see what he's trying to do here.
Speaker B: Yes.
Speaker A: And I can see intention to it. Whereas like for some other things, I don't see as much intention or it's not as evident to me.
Speaker B: Well, I think the nudity and the choice of Tom Cruise both feed into, for me, this sense of like vainglory and fame. And Tom Cruise just feels like the apotheosis of like the self-indulgent, vain celebrity to me in many ways. And yet there's like also this thing about like the way like his face and his body are like ever-present and there's this voyeurism. And like nothing is hidden to us, the audience. I thought Thomas like captured that perfectly. And I'd say like, he's some of my favorite, if not my favorite among like this body of work. And that's because where I think Manglecore escapes a lot of the trappings of the critique I made of generative art, not that it's not having like its own market moment and that people aren't like buying stuff that's overproduced and dumb, it has the convenience starting point that I think the formal constraints of what I mean by this genre are already saying something human that like matters to us. Like we see our bodies re-represented in this distorted and striking way. And that like right off the bat kind of says something to us. It speaks to feelings of alienation and surreality and the strangeness of contemporary life, I think, in a very like natural way where that is like the immediate just tone of a Manglecore work. I think those are things that are just like very appropriate to this moment. Like the world just feels so fucking weird right now.
Speaker A: Mm-hmm.
Speaker B: We live in this hypermedia environment where like disparate bits of information are colliding on our timelines and everything is like coming together and yet apart at the same time. And like none of it makes sense, yet it's all like one thing. And I feel like the distortion of the human form is a good way to approach that kind of subject matter. But it's also, yeah, like more of a niche than generative art, I would say. Like after a certain number of projects, like the genre is dried up. Only so many projects can do that distorted human body as a result of AI model error, I think, is like a narrower genre than is like algorithmically created art. And so I think there's just like less leeway until the well has dried up. And so that's maybe started to happen in some pockets, but I think there's work that still has yet to be done that's good. Not really going to be my place to create this work, but I think stuff focusing on— And I think I saw collection recently that did this, but like minority experience and like people of different sexualities and things like that, and the way they feel like representation of like the realities of trans life and things like that, and, and the way that like people feel alienated from the rest of our society, I think can be very naturally represented through this art form. And I'd like to see that. But a lot of the stuff that's just like throwing it on there because it like makes shit look cool and hardcore, like I think is a waste of what the genre can naturally do. So there's that. It has this kind of like natural propensity to say something meaningful about this moment in particular, I think. And that's a product of its specificity. So the specificity here is like both a strength and a weakness in that like there's only so much that can be done with it, but it like says something more specific and pointed from the get-go, I think. It can't be created in quite the same way that algorithmic art can. With algorithmic art, like, you create your algorithm and yes, you're working to create that such that it can produce a diversity of works. But once the algorithm is created, like, you can press render ad infinitum and just make infinitely many works.
Speaker A: Yeah.
Speaker B: It doesn't quite work out the same way with AI works, even though it has a similar, this generative nature where like you can click to create. All of these works from Thomas's collection, and basically any collection you're going to see, were handcrafted and require a lot of work to be done, like beyond the prompt, beyond whatever control nets they're introducing to structure the work, anything like that. Like, this is still very much a hand-created piece, and with some literacy in how these works are made, you can feel that. And, you know, that shows in the collection sizes. We're for the most part, not having anything that like touches the sizes of the 1,000, 10,000, anything like that. We have seen some that have maybe pushed a little too high up, and I think they should be maybe more wary of that. But yeah, a lot of the stuff out there is like wasting— that I've seen, I think since I wrote the article, has like wasted some of the natural capacities of it and doesn't really like use the unique characteristics of the genre to like actually do something cool and meaningful, or it's just kind of like, oh yeah, like distorted forms look cool. And what you said, like MangleCore cars, MangleCore streets, like, yeah, I think that's like kind of a trope that we've seen with it. So in some ways I think it encounters many of the same risks. In others, like, I think it escapes those. It's a different thing.
Speaker A: Yeah.
Speaker B: I certainly didn't mean to like write on it and expect it to be like a thing with like a multi-year lifespan. I think generative art does have a multi-year, multi-decade lifespan. Like, I think we're going to see good generative art made for decades to come from here. I think MangleCore is like much more of this moment. It like won't really make sense, I don't think, to make 10 years from now. It has its natural roots in technological shortcomings circa 2022.
Speaker A: Yeah.
Speaker B: And even though, you know, like Thomas's work isn't so much the product of like, you know, he could make perfect Tom Cruises if he wanted to. This is a deliberate decision, but the idea began there. And I think, yeah, it has probably like a few years to build off of those ideas and work with those themes. But 10 years from now, like if a lot of this stuff's being made, I don't know why we'd really be paying attention to it at that point. It just doesn't seem tie reasonably to its historical roots. Feelings of alienation and dehumanization probably aren't going anywhere anytime soon, but we'll probably have like an expanded visual vocabulary to express those themes. I'm sure like this distorted figure thing like isn't going to disappear altogether and like can be used impactfully. I think there's like a very natural emotional response to seeing that. But I think it as like an ascendant genre will not be the case in several years or something like that.
Speaker A: Well, what are you going to do if your artist LLM just starts cranking out Manglecore because you talked about it on this podcast or it's because of your, you know, your Substack? So let's talk about a little, let's talk a little bit about this. Like, so you announced this project, which we already mentioned, the artist is absent. You just put a very nice typed letter JPEG up on Twitter. You're training an LLM on your writing and concepts of your art pieces. And once the model can credibly produce in a manner that is virtually indistinguishable of your own voice and vision, you're gonna hand over all production of your work to the model for a year. Yeah. So how do you even start doing this?
Speaker B: I mean, it starts with the idea, and I don't want to say too, too much about where I'm at with the process or anything like I sort of, because I'm, I'm considering the idea of not telling anyone when the period is taking place.
Speaker A: Have we already started? Is the letter mark the beginning?
Speaker B: That's, yeah, that's, I don't know. That's the question, right?
Speaker A: Yeah.
Speaker B: Was Generative Anesthetics written by my personal LLM? I don't know. I, I do know, but I'm going to abide in that mystery for the time being and we'll maybe say more on it. So the process, yeah, like just in terms of technical matters, it involves fine-tuning LLMs on my writing, which is a difficult task. It involves fine-tuning them on my concepts. I have a just fat document of art ideas in my iPhone Notes app that is just like thousands of ideas I've had for pieces, collections, performances, whatever. And training it on how to produce those ideas. So the initial declaration of this thing was like really just that. I was just kind of trying to let the world know, like, I'm setting out on this endeavor and sort of wanted to mark the conceptual territory and like spark thinking and discussion on that front. Because the reason I'm doing this is we are in the next several years going to be reckoning with the loss of a lot of what feels like is special to us on account of AI. There's going to be jobs lost. People's passions are going to be surpassed by AI, like things that you do for fun, like AI will be able to do better things that you do in your personal life that are laborious chores. AI will be able to do better a lot of the things that we thought were uniquely and creatively us, because that's what it started to whittle down to. Like at first we thought, you know, oh, AI could never beat us in chess. Well, that happened in the '90s. AI could never beat us in Jeopardy. That was like 2011 or something like that. Then like, okay, like it can't paint. Well, bad news. These diffusion models can generate images. We both know the people at Matter Labs, I believe, who have machines that can paint oil on canvas. Like, Yeah. It's starting to do damn near everything we can do, and it's getting pretty close to being able to not exactly think for us, but think in place of us. And that's really scary and gonna be really, really hard for some, for many. And I want to try and confront that reality before we're out there adrift in it so that we have some chance to prepare and consider how to cope with it. I've already met people who have lost their jobs to ChatGPT, GPT-4. I mean, a lot of the resistance to AI art is just that people feel there's a lack of craft around it, and that's understandable. But a lot of people are like threatened by it and graphic designers are threatened by it and they're like, no, we need protective laws in place to keep this from coming for our jobs. Like there's unrest and angst over this and I want to like have myself serve as like the vanguard of us approaching the matter and try and like confront it. And my writing really matters to me. My art really matters to me. And so turning over those things to AI is a real loss to me. And a year like that terrifies me. It remains publicly to be seen whether I will be able to do that, but Yeah, I think they're themes that we need to confront. There's this idea that I've been thinking about a bit recently of conspicuous absence. I tweeted about this piggybacking off of The Artist Is Absent, but Lily Iloh's collection earlier this year, Plans for Future Forms, like the one that I wrote about, renders absence as a kind of presence. She takes these AI-generated images of figures in chairs, human figures in chairs, And then also with AI, erases them from the image. And we're left behind with this like somewhat uncannily distorted figure of a chair where like you can kind of see the imprint of the thing that was there. And some of them you can see the shadow of the figure that once sat in the chair. And that itself, you know, her collection is meditating on what we're losing to AI, as well as some, the prospect of some personal losses in her life as her father, who himself was an artist and architect, as he ages. And then similarly, the work of this painter Titus Kaphar, who has done some paintings that have— like, one of my favorites from him is like these Black mothers braiding their daughter's hair, and then like one of the daughters is just excised from the painting and there's just like a white space left behind.
Speaker A: Mm-hmm.
Speaker B: And that was just like really poignant to me. And so these 2 pieces are like this conspicuous absence as a mirror to Marina Abramović's conspicuous presence of the artist, where like the artwork was her presence. She just sat with these people at the MoMA. For those who haven't seen that, definitely worth looking up. There's one, a documentary about it, but 2, also a little YouTube video that's pretty touching because it involves her former lover of many years who she had like this insane insanely romantic yet tumultuous connection with, and who was her partner in art, Ulay. He showed up and yeah, it's pretty moving. I'd check it out.
Speaker A: Mm-hmm.
Speaker B: But yeah, anyways, the project was just trying to like sit with this theme of an absence that's really gonna make itself known to us in the years to come. And we're gonna need to figure out some way to like grapple with the significant changes that it's gonna make to our society. And I think for me, and I hope for a lot of other people, part of that is going to be learning to fall in love with certain elements of our lives per se. If AI is coming for the things that make us useful, we might need to like reconsider whether we need to feel useful to survive. Because right now, like, yeah, feeling useful and productive to society gives a lot of people meaning. It gives me a lot of meaning. Like, I feel— Yeah. Valuable and valued on account of like being able to contribute to others' lives. And that's true for so many. And AI is going to undermine a lot of it. Like what makes me useful if AI could do the same thing instantaneously, twice as good, and in my voice, no less. Like if an LLM can, can write what I want to write in my voice 10 times as fast as I can, then I'm cooked on a pragmatic front. And it will be increasingly important to figure out what we truly love and love doing for its own sake and figuring out how to like structure our lives around those things and, and become enmeshed with them and live with them. I think writing is one of those things for me where I like the feeling of, as much as I also hate it, I love the feeling of like wrestling with these things in my brain and figuring them out for myself. And so even if my LLM can write pieces better than I can write them. I think I'm still going to want to write the things that are on my mind for the exercise of doing so. And I think we're gonna be looking at how to like approach that question across our lives in many different ways in the next decade or so. And yeah, so that was just like an initial kind of flagpost for this endeavor. That's why it was just like this simple form of a letter. It has like, it's in a typewriter font. It has some like antiquated feel to it and has like this kind of old-timey human feel and yet is pointing to these like unknown futures. But there will be more public works to come spawning from that project. I'm not going to be talking about them yet, but I will be releasing things that are secondary or like building on the prospect of The Artist Is Absent. And I don't have a timeline yet on when I want to release those. I have some other stuff coming out, coming up, and that has nothing to do with that project.
Speaker A: Well, assuming you do pull it off and you have a year off from truly creating, you can join us in Hearthstone. We can make a gamer out of you, you know.
Speaker B: Are you a Hearthstone guy?
Speaker A: Oh yeah, we talk about it at the end of every episode these days.
Speaker B: Okay. I don't think I've ever played, but my cousin was into it a few years ago. He's a, he's a gamer guy, and so I've watched him play, and I remember some creature called like the something that reminded me like of the Stranger Things monster, like the— oh, the Demogorgon or whatever, something like that.
Speaker A: There's like some Cthulhu-looking stuff from one of the sets from a while ago.
Speaker B: Okay.
Speaker A: So it's probably one of those.
Speaker B: Yeah, I— dude, honestly, yeah, I really miss video games. I was a big gamer as a kid.
Speaker A: Did you play Magic: The Gathering?
Speaker B: Uh, yes. Yeah, more so. Yeah, I mean, it's, it's been a minute. Yeah, I mean, I was like 7 when I was playing that, so I really don't like— I think my, my parents ended up like telling us to stop playing because it was like some heathen shit.
Speaker A: Satanic.
Speaker B: Yeah. Yeah, I don't think they actually did stop us from playing, but they're like, uh, yo, that's kind of sus. And yeah, but I never like played it seriously or anything like that. I think my older brother maybe did a little more of that. But yeah, into some of that, like Pokémon as a kid, Yu-Gi-Oh for sure. But then like the video games, I had like a big COD era. I was a RuneScape kid for a little while. I, I like—
Speaker A: Awesome.
Speaker B: Wanted to play in Call of Duty tournaments, actually. I was like playing somewhat competitively, and I, I feel like I was always told like, okay, these are like wasted hours, like you're gonna regret doing that. I'm like, know, I cherish the days like summer 2011 that I would play Black Ops, or maybe that was 2012, for, you know, 3 hours a day. Like, uh, yeah, I like, I like look fondly upon those times, like being on game battles with friends and getting to spend more time with them. And like, there was a real feeling of, yeah, like craft and learning how to like develop a skill that I value from that. I don't know, I'm not sure I'll ever return to like a true video game era. I had like a, a brief return with Rocket League at some point, but I'll play some Hearthstone with you.
Speaker A: We'll see.
Speaker B: Okay.
Speaker A: Yeah, we'll get, we'll get you on.
Speaker B: Try and suck me in.
Speaker A: We'll train you up and that's how we'll know that, that the LLM's fully taken over.
Speaker B: Yeah. When I say yes to that, that means I've, I've had some free time to go and pursue those things.
Speaker A: Exactly.
Speaker B: It'll be my little signal to you.
Speaker A: All right. Well, Kevin, I think we should wrap it up. I know we're, we're at time here. Thank you again for coming on. Hope you had a good time. We'll link to all your stuff. you know, all your work and your writing below for anyone who wants to learn more about you and read some of this stuff and consider collecting. And, uh, thank you. Yeah, we look forward to seeing what you do next.
Speaker B: Appreciate it. Great chat. Yeah, the time kind of flew here.
Speaker A: It does, right?
Speaker B: Yeah, I appreciate all the questions allowing me to talk my talk, clarify where I felt I needed clarifying. Good chatting with you.
Speaker A: I'll see you soon.
Speaker B: All right, thanks, Kevin.
Speaker A: Bye.
Speaker B: All right, peace. We're waiting to be signed. Always listen. We're waiting to be signed. The random of the week. It be time.
Speaker A: We're waiting.
Speaker B: Always.
Change log
—Initial transcript — auto-transcribed (AssemblyAI) and readability-edited.