Waiting To Be Signed · interviews on generative art, on-chain
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Interview // AUG 2024

Kevin Esherick

Title: On Generative Anesthetics
Role: Generative artist
Duration: 1h 10m
Hosts: Will & Trinity
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#072 · On Generative Anesthetics
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Will: All right. Hello and welcome everyone to another episode of Waiting to Be Signed, a special interview episode. We're joined today by Kevin Esherick, Kevin Esh Online, as you might know him. We have Kevin on today to talk primarily about his recent writing on generative art — a really great critique he wrote called Generative Anesthetics. Unfortunately, Trinity is not here today; she's out on a work assignment. But we've got Kevin, and we're super hyped to have you on. We dedicated a good 30 minutes or so in our last episode talking about what you wrote, but before we get into all of that, we should learn about you. How's it going, Kevin? Thanks for coming.

Kevin Esherick: Good. Thanks for having me. We'll talk about it more later, but the post-essay period has been fairly busy with chatter about it. So this will be my first podcast discussing it after hearing it talked about by others quite a bit. Happy to speak my piece on it here.

Will: Great to have you. Let's get you introduced to the audience — tell us a bit about your background in art and coding and how you found blockchain and NFTs.

Kevin Esherick: I have no formal background in either art or coding, which I feel is the most blockchain-artist type of background — very DIY, grassroots, existing outside a lot of the traditional institutions. I started coding right after I graduated college. I studied philosophy and psychology, not aimed at any particular job — I just wanted to start my own company and was interested in those two things. I studied them, then went on to work on company ideas thematically related to them, and now I work on art related to them too.

Right off the bat, I built a wellbeing and mental health company — an iPhone app that was like a daily personal trainer for your mental health. This was back in 2017, when that space looked pretty different. I had no engineering background, no co-founder, no footing in the startup world, no idea how to raise money or hire. I was just doing it solo, making no money, living at my parents' house. That meant I needed to teach myself to code to make it happen, so I worked twelve-hour days for years trying to build this thing.

The startup didn't work out — three and a half years amounted to nothing financially or corporationally — but it was an incredibly valuable experience. I learned so much picking up coding, mostly a JavaScript stack: React, React Native, some backend here and there. The big thing about picking up a first language and really learning it in depth is that you become comfortable navigating that whole digital environment — the command line, VS Code, packages, GitHub. It made me far more comfortable in that ecosystem.

After the company ended, I spent some time doing freelance writing for tech companies, founders, VCs — some ghostwriting here and there. Through that I was actually introduced to NFTs. This was 2021, right as everything started to pop off. I was writing for people whose names I can't share, and it involved learning about crypto and NFTs — putting together research briefs on the Beeple sales and what was happening in music NFTs at the time.

At the same time, my creative itch was starting to burn after the company shut down, because the company really was a creative endeavor for me in many ways — I did all the UX/UI for it, which I loved, and found I had a knack for visual art. That excited me, because I'd always had a deep interest in art but never formally engaged with it. I grew up in Maryland, outside DC, where free museums were always at my disposal — not that I was a regular attendee, but my older brother was a big inspiration, always engaging with music, fine art, literature. I was passionate about those things from an early age, took AP Art History in high school, and loved approaching history through the lens of visual ideas — far more engaging to me than reading a textbook on Civil War history.

So: freelance writing, learning about crypto, a coding skillset under my belt, and this creative urge to start making things again. That's when I started a project called Material — a pair of jeans I thrifted, then custom-tailored and bleach-dyed in my parents' bathtub. The idea was that whenever I had a special, memorable, compelling experience or connection with someone while wearing those jeans, I'd invite them to add their own artwork, so the jeans became a collaborative canvas — a tapestry of my identity more complex than any brand label could signify.

Around that time my brother was releasing his own clothing line, so fashion was on my mind. I was thinking about how the outward signals we choose to broadcast our identity could go beyond a Gucci label — could say something truly idiosyncratic and personal rather than just affiliation with whatever corporation made the garment. I thought this was a fun, expressive way to do that. It also coincided with, and was partly prompted by, COVID restrictions receding and people stepping back out into the world. I was thrilled at the prospect of going out and having experiences again — engaging with the urban world of rich human interaction — for the first time in over a year.

As I worked on the jeans, the crypto stuff was percolating in my head while pieces kept getting added. I'd get compliments wherever I went — "sick jeans," "that's cool art you've got there." The idea, by the way, was to bring art into as close contact with life as possible. That's a core nugget in my aesthetic theory: I want art to change our relationship to our own lives. There's a kind of distance that art mediates — you get closer to or further from life through it. I probably shouldn't go into that in too much detail now, maybe another day, but it'll get digressive.

These jeans were meant to create the most present, in-the-moment representation of part of my life possible, rather than someone going back to a studio to paint something from memory. The moment itself gets inscribed into the artwork. There was a kind of metaphysical inquiry: could the jeans be imbued with these moments through a ritual where the moment is noticed, harnessed, and then imprinted onto them? Very post-COVID thinking on my part.

The jeans were going well — several people had added artwork, and I thought they were beautiful, as did others. But none of the artists who'd contributed ever got anything on the receiving end, even though this was a collaborative project. I'd put in the bulk of the effort, sure, but other people helped make the jeans what they were, and I wanted to find some way of rewarding them, distributing that value. That's when I was learning about NFTs, and I thought — these could be a really interesting way of distributing a feeling of ownership, potentially even a financial stake in the project, even though up to that point it was unfinancialized. A way of distributing the value of this centralized thing that, without technology, could only exist in one place at one time.

So I made a video of the jeans — a studio shot, rotating 360 degrees. It came out looking pretty sweet, though it probably sounds jank from the description. It's called Material — you can find it through my Twitter. Every time a new piece is added to the jeans, I make a new video, mint it as an NFT, and over time sell these to collectors, with proceeds distributed back to everyone who's added work to the jeans. I'm also working on private copies of those NFTs for the contributing artists, so they still have that feeling of ownership — the original idea was to give them the NFTs until they sold, then split the sale proceeds with them. But that wallet back-and-forth ended up not making much sense.

Will: I remember hearing about those jeans from Matt, our mutual friend.

Kevin Esherick: Oh yeah, no way.

Will: Did he contribute to them as well?

Kevin Esherick: He has. Matt Condon, everyone — a good friend and major help for me early in the process of bringing this work to life. He brought me on Digitally Rare a couple of years ago to talk about it, and again about a year and a half ago. He contributed to the conceptualization of it, helped me navigate the NFT world when I had no footing there — he was the first real NFT person I talked to — contributed a piece to the jeans, collected one, and now participates in the DAO that exists around the project. Every collector enters a DAO based on token ownership; every artist who's added a piece and every collector votes on real decisions in my life — including my moving to New York. I moved here in 2022 because they voted for me to do so. So they don't just have a financial stake in the jeans, they have an actual directive ownership stake that guides the outcome of the project.

Will: That's okay.

Kevin Esherick: That's how I ended up getting involved in art and NFTs. From that project it became this creative floodgate opening — I was so interested in the possibilities of art on the blockchain, digital art, art in general. So here I am.

Will: I had totally forgotten that you were the person who did the jeans — what a coincidence. You mentioned doing this research and learning about NFTs through your professional life. Obviously you knew Matt, who was an early, active Ethereum developer, even involved in some of the early token standards we use now.

Kevin Esherick: Yeah, he contributed to the 721 and 1155 standards, for those who don't know. And I believe he started the first NFT podcast, in 2019 — Digitally Rare, which he and Jonathan Mann ran, though I'm not sure when the last episode came out. But Matt's an OG, an NFT artist in his own right. He's the guy with an NFC chip in his hand, if anyone's heard about that — you can scan it to collect NFT stickers of him.

Will: What was the journey like for you? I feel like a lot of people, given the time you were starting your research, faced so much crypto and NFT skepticism. Pick your angle -- it's all a casino, it's a Ponzi scheme, it's burning up the environment. It was pretty hard for the average layperson to get past all that and take an honest look at the technology and the well-intended stuff going on. With Matt and this idea, you could have done it without the blockchain -- just a boilerplate contract ownership setup. What made you want to use this technology, and what brought you around to thinking positively about it?

Kevin Esherick: I have a pretty thorough disposition toward techno-optimism. I've loved tech since I was a kid -- the future has always interested me, and my default response to new technologies is wonder and excitement, wanting to know how it works and what we can do with it. So there wasn't any initial knee-jerk balking at the prospect. It was more like, okay, what can this do? Let's run with it and see what happens.

The unique feeling of ownership conferred by NFTs really did feel like something a COA doesn't quite capture. And the networked nature of it fascinated me -- the Material NFTs, because they derive from the same contract on the same blockchain, have this inherent tie to one another, like siblings. And the baked-in royalty splits meant I could run an auction for these things and the money would, by default, split to the wallets of the artists who'd contributed -- permissionlessly, with nothing I could do about it. It felt incredibly elegant. I thought I was doing something new and interesting with it, and new ideas are a big draw of intrigue for me.

So there was never much skepticism on my end. I was aware of the climate critiques, and my take then and now is: one, I think we'll figure it out and make it less bad for the environment; and two, it's probably still a net good. That's not my take on all technology -- I'm not a "tech is good, period" person. I think of tech as neutral, and it's about the ends we put it toward and how we balance any secondary effects.

In some sense I'm actually a deep techno-pessimist, because I believe in a kind of hedonic treadmill. I'm more a material pessimist -- I don't think material improvement of our lives actually betters them that significantly in the end, because we always find new wants and desires. If we're not going to the root of that problem, in a Buddhist sense, and wrangling with our own predisposition toward suffering and desire and lack of contentment, then the circus carries on -- there's an ever-increasing buffet of desires and we'll always have new problems to solve. There's a Sisyphean optimism and pessimism there. Maybe Sisyphus is having a good time rolling the ball up the hill, but I think it'd be better if he realized he didn't need to roll it, could sit down, get into a deep meditative state, and become free of suffering -- then maybe get back to it with that baseline happiness and enjoy rolling the ball up the hill on top of that.

Will: Solving the fundamental problem of contentedness through the blockchain is not where I thought we'd end up here.

Kevin Esherick: And I don't think it's going to do it for us.

Will: A lot of the critique in your writing that blew up and got a lot of attention in the generative art and NFT art communities -- Generative Anesthetics -- let's dive into that, since we're headed there anyway. We met a couple weeks ago, and I actually hadn't read your piece the night we met. It's long -- read it the next day.

Kevin Esherick: Yeah, it's longer than most people are used to reading online.

Will: It's a lot quicker the second time you read it, honestly -- I enjoyed it a lot on the reread. We chatted a little after the fact, and you said you started writing this in 2022, which makes a lot of sense, since that was when we still had residual effects of the 2021 hype -- the Art Blocks hype, the early fx(hash) hype, the rampant speculation. For whatever reason you put it aside, then found time to come back to it, and now here we are halfway through 2024 and it's out. The market's changed a lot since then. So what made you decide to publish that piece now?

Kevin Esherick: Good question, and I appreciate the chance to explain the timeline, because honestly, writing is hard. I started taking notes in 2022, and that ballooned to 40 pages eventually, plus a lot of reading and research. I wanted to feel truly immersed in the generative art world, which also meant releasing three generative projects of my own in the meantime. People who read the essay may not realize I've released three generative projects -- they're definitely not the traditional gen art projects you're used to seeing, but they are generative nonetheless. So I became pretty well acquainted with that paradigm.

I started taking notes because, getting involved in the space, I was largely just frustrated -- I don't get what I'm not getting here, why is everyone so obsessed with this? The extent of the monomania seemed insane to me. That's part of what I wanted to emphasize: it was as much about the fixation on this one genre as about the genre itself. I'd have been fine leaving it be if it didn't make up such a broad scope of what people were paying attention to in the crypto art world. But it felt so dominant. I was like, guys, there's other cool stuff out there, let's check it out.

Right now I'm not writing full-time, I'm making art full-time, trying to establish my career on that front. That only started in 2021, so I'm still getting my footing, and it's really hard to make a living as an artist -- it's the only job I have, so I grind at that. Writing is something I love and find myself doing naturally, but if you don't put in consistent time, it atrophies like a muscle. When you put it down for a while, the first couple days getting back into it are grueling. I have a hard time writing freely -- I feel like I need to know the structure of things and see the next paragraph unfolding before me rather than just writing word by word.

There was never a good financial reason for me to get back into this, ironically. And honestly, I was scared. People have strong feelings about generative art -- I have dear friends who love it, and I love pockets of it too, to be clear. I didn't want to piss people off. I don't see myself as a firebrand trying to start a ruckus online. Discourse is important to me, but thoughtful, tempered discourse -- and people online can be loud and mean. Releasing it when I did was actually helpful, because by then I knew a lot more people in the space personally, so they understood I wasn't trying to be a dick about it.

I really started writing after collecting those 40 pages of notes, earlier this year. Even before that it was always on my mind -- I kept thinking, damn it, this is getting away from me, this is going to be too late. By the end of last year I was thinking the market's no longer what it once was, this is losing its relevance. I had two partner generative art projects planned to release alongside the essay -- Catalog and DVD Screensaver -- generative projects that critique the generative art paradigm in some way. I wanted to release the essay alongside them as a triad that makes sense of my body of thought on this. I finished those two projects but not the essay: Catalog came out in December of last year, DVD Screensaver in March of this year.

Catalog — Kevin Esherick

Then I had a show come up with Expanded in Berlin at their physical gallery, releasing my collection In Utero, and opportunities kept crowding out the essay. On the writing front, I worked with Lily Iloh on an essay about her collection Plans for Future Forms, which took up my writing bandwidth for a time. Before that I wrote the MangleCore essay. Finally, In Utero opened in Berlin, I came home, made the space to sit down and write the essay from all those notes -- and I almost didn't release it. I looked at it and thought, I don't know if I want to put this out anymore, I'm almost embarrassed, it feels so late. But I'd put so much work into it that I figured, whatever, send it out there. If people think I'm slow on this, fine, I'll add a note explaining what happened. I'm glad I put it out -- it was very close to not being released, but I didn't want all that work to be for nothing, and I thought there might still be people who felt the way I did and needed to see their ideas articulated. It seems to have resonated -- a lot of people felt it put words to something they hadn't previously been able to express.

Will: It came out in some ways at a very good time, because the community and collector base has shrunk so much that the only people left are the ones open to talking about and thinking through things like this, not just pumping their bags. There are still a few people heavily invested, but even they seem a lot more thoughtful about what they collect and more long-term in their thinking. So -- what's the reaction been like? Looking on Twitter, the people who replied seemed to be engaging with you in a pretty levelheaded, constructive way. Each person maybe had their own little nit to pick, but no one seemed to condemn it as a whole. I hope it's been a positive experience for you -- what was it like?

Kevin Esherick: The discourse has been overwhelmingly positive, I'd say — pretty thoughtful. I tried to set a good tone, be even-handed, and show that I was acting in good faith. It wasn't that I had some itch to scratch, some cantankerous need to vent. I was trying to think through something — what's causing things I don't think are good for the space, and how we can improve on them. People picked up on that and responded in kind. Even where people disagreed, it's mostly been polite and thoughtful. On the whole, I can't complain. A couple of people said mean things here and there, but I also got a lot of DMs — people saying it was really gratifying to read, from generative artists, collectors, people who work at generative art platforms, all across the board. Often there's some nit to pick — "great essay, loved reading this, don't agree with everything, but it's worth reading." That's cool. You don't get that every day, where you write something a lot of people are going to strongly disagree with in some regard and they still say it was good and worth reading.

The back-and-forth has been valuable. That's really what I wanted — to get people to reflect, to put ideas out there. I don't hold firm beliefs on most things, definitely not on these. That's not to say I'm just floating in the wind — my beliefs are more like probability assignments. I'll think there's a 70% chance some particular financial mechanism within NFTs is bad, here's the evidence, here's what it's doing — but that 70% is liable to change, and I hold the other 30% in a kind of counter-position too. Like, we'll probably talk about this later, but the scale of production in generative art is one of those things I have critiques of, but it also does some really cool stuff, and where exactly I fall, I don't know — I'm still figuring it out. None of this is set in stone. It's less about me sharing my opinion and more about hoping to get these ideas into the world and prompt people to reflect on them for their own sake, and hopefully come away better for it.

Will: It definitely spoke to a lot of things we've talked about on the show, and we did a brief breakdown of it in the previous episode. One thing we touched on was that in a lot of ways this is also a critique of collectors, and not so much of the art form — though I don't think collectors were named that much specifically. They were kind of lumped into the market-forces side of it.

Kevin Esherick: Yeah, which maybe I should have drilled into more. In the wake of this, a lot of people have been wary of speaking about "the market" as this big bad monster. The idea wasn't to deflect blame from any party in particular, but to point to everyone as complicit. When I say "the market," I mean everyone's a part of that, rather than no one being part of it. Markets serve as what I'd call blame-deferral devices — everyone is complicit but can deny it by saying, "these are just the rules of the game, this is how you play." A lot of the backlash at me has been people saying artists are just trying to make their bag, blame the collectors. But you could equally say collectors are just trying to make their bag — they have families too, they need to put bread on the table. If they're flipping, that's their prerogative. Everyone exists within the formal structures of this game we've created and is playing their rational part in it. That's why I'm trying to call into question the structure as a whole, and the way its rules cause the parts to interrelate. When I say "the market," I mean the collectors, the artists, the platforms, the spectators, the podcasters, the think-piece writers — how we all contribute to that cycle, and where we can step in. I don't believe in a fatalism that just says, "that's the way the system is, what are we supposed to do about it?" Let's buck back. Put some new ideas out there, make shit happen.

In Utero — Kevin Esherick

Will: What are your hopes, then? From our side, it seemed like when the market slowed, we saw a moment where some artists scrambled — jumping to this chain, that platform, "I'm gonna try this" — chasing the money as it rotated around, most recently into Ordinals and Bitcoin, or cleaving off entirely: "I don't do code anymore, I do AI, because AI is selling like crazy." It might be easier to make a name that way. There was definitely a subset who let the market dictate their practice entirely, without much intentionality. But others went the opposite direction — "the market sucks, I have to be more precious about what I do," taking the time to sharpen their coding skills or think bigger picture, making projects that are generative but also have meaning, not just something pretty. In these last two years, have you found more hope for the space than what came through in the essay?

Kevin Esherick: I think so. I have a default critical brain, especially with fine art — really art in general, but fine art is a medium where it's hard to make something that really hits people. If 25% of art pieces connect with me, maybe 40% of songs do. Music feels like a more accessible medium than fine art in a certain sense. So there's always going to be a proportion of the work being shared that I just don't fuck with. That proportion within our space has probably gotten higher, though I haven't run any actual analysis on that.

I also don't think buckling down on one's practice and taking time to think about improving the art is necessarily incompatible with people pursuing the money on Ordinals or whatever. I'm less concerned with what chain people release on. If there were a blockchain with zero financial traffic and one with a ton, and you could create the same project on either and make zero money or a ton of money, sure, go for the one that makes you money. Where I take issue is when it actually changes the nature of the work. That's what I feel has happened to some extent with generative art — it's led to the cheapening of certain kinds of work.

But we're maturing. It's an early space, and both collectors and artists here, myself included, are a little ahistorical. We don't come in with MFAs, which is cool — it means we don't have that haughty art-world vibe, we can think through new ideas from a fresh perspective. But it's also led to a lot of retreads. Exposure to art history helps you build an intuition for its trajectory, which helps you understand what's going to matter years from now. You develop taste through studying art history — a better connection with your own intuitions and a better ability to execute on them. I think we're still largely developing that. I study art history as much as I can, read a lot of books, study old projects, but I didn't go to art school, I don't have an MFA. I'm working on it, and everyone else is too. That'll come with time. We're better now than we were two years ago. But a lot of what was getting put out was p5.js-tutorial level, or things that had already been happening in the generative art Instagram scene for the last ten years, and now money could be made off it — or it was reminiscent of '60s, '70s computer art, or '30s and '40s geometric abstraction. A lot of ground was retread from not really understanding the history, or only having a slight knowledge of it and thinking what you were doing hadn't already been beaten to death.

But we're growing on that front. Part of the hope with the essay — I don't want to say I'm trying to scare people, but I do want there to be a bar held for people. I want people to create and share freely, but I also think it'll be better for all of us if what we reward financially — what we're legitimizing, what we're communicating to the rest of the world — is the really high-quality stuff that's going to last. Some art holds up better to the test of time than other art. I hope the essay can help catalyze people to feel held to a standard in rewarding that.

Will: Listening to that — and maybe to make the music analogy, since we're about the same age — there are bands we grew up with and really liked, and then you dig back into '60s, '70s, '80s stuff and go, "oh, wow." Like, take an example—

In Utero — Kevin Esherick

Kevin Esherick: Yeah, give me one.

Will: LCD Soundsystem. A huge band — whether you like them or not, undeniably big for people who came of age in the 2000s.

Kevin Esherick: I never grew up on them somehow, despite a pretty thorough rock education. There's a handful of their songs I like, and I think one of the members has a bunch of bars near my apartment or something. Sorry, carry on.

Will: Maybe eight years ago, I came across a band called The Fall, and I thought, this is so much of the song structure and the way he's delivering — and in one way it takes away from the specialness of the thing you like, because you wonder, is this an homage, or is this ripping it off, or is it just a really great influence that's been updated with electronics and a new way of performing for a new audience? So, turning that into a question for you: given that you have an art history background — which many of us collectors don't, which is part of why we were so easily taken in by things that just looked like great abstract geometry, though "taken in" might not be the right word, since I'm sure there's abstract work you genuinely do like — how do you differentiate?

Kevin Esherick: Totally. Let me clarify that briefly because it was misconstrued by some. I love a lot of abstract work. Certain pieces just stood out to me as too similar to things that came before, and that's what I wanted to address. But I think abstraction can move us in ways that figurative work cannot, and that's important and cool. I've said Yves Klein is one of my favorite artists, and his most famous works are just walls of blue -- these canvases painted in a shade of blue that he patented. What he was doing with them was trying to create a spiritual object that absorbs the viewer. He had this ironic bent, but I also think he meant it. He's a fascinating figure -- worth looking up and doing a little digging. He died super young, he predicted his own death, and there really was a spiritual element to what he was doing. He's funny and witty, but reverent. Worth a look. That's some abstraction I love -- I'm actually working on abstract work myself with AI right now. Anyway, back to your question.

Will: I want to ask, for the collectors listening -- not for you to prescribe anything, but for your own personal taste -- how do you discern this? When you see something with obvious historical reference points, how do you decide it's original even though it isn't new?

In Utero — Kevin Esherick

Kevin Esherick: I read the description first -- though hopefully the work says something to me before I get there. Another place I think people are misreading me, or I'm miscommunicating, is when I say I want heavy conceptual works. People hear that as "works that don't move you or make you feel something," and it's quite the opposite. This is a counter-Duchamp gambit, and I may have only left this in a footnote -- a lot of people don't read the footnotes. I want everyone to know I write my footnotes to be read. To me, the essay isn't complete without them. I understand the nature of a footnote begs to differ, but they're down there because they don't fit the flow of the essay, even though they're almost equally informative to the point I'm making.

Duchamp talked about the retinal versus the conceptual. He felt that in his time, art had erred too far toward the retinal -- visual art that merely delights people without real meaning behind it. So he went to the polar opposite, doing the most abstractly conceptual stuff possible. He called a urinal a work of art and changed 20th century art largely on account of that. I think his actual intention was to get the world to land somewhere in the middle -- I'm not sure he realized how big an impact those gestures would make, at least early in his life, from my reading. He wanted to find a balance between the two, and I want to find what I call "consummate art" that marries the retinal and the conceptual -- that hits you in the face with beauty when you see it.

So, back to your question: I look at the work first. I try to keep an open mind and be curious about it, and keep -- for lack of a better word -- an open heart, allowing myself to be receptive to the emotional impact of a work from the get-go. I don't mean that in a purely linguistic sense, just: what is it trying to do to me? Then I read the description. When you mention references to art history, I think I can usually tell when someone is referencing other artists as inspirational threads that are being woven into a novel pattern that creates something truly new, versus just following the same thread without contributing anything of their own.

I think this is common enough in art, like in argument -- I call it "persuasion by reference," where you try to make people think your argument or your artwork is good by calling in the big names. Saying, "oh, this is in the style of Mondrian with a touch of Kandinsky" -- that kind of thing wows the ahistorical among us, people who don't know the history as well, into seeing references and feeling like they're getting on the inside, when it may be a totally shallow reference.

I think similarly, from my philosophy background, I really came to detest people invoking Descartes to make their argument, or Kant, or Wittgenstein if they really want to sound smart. Just make your argument from the principles -- don't talk about what some dude a few hundred years ago said about it. It's so often used as a crutch, a way of showing off your references and your reading of the primary text instead of actually reasoning. It's generally just a weakness of the argument itself, lacking a grounding in first principles, instead building off of someone else. I value philosophy for the exercise of working from foundations upward and building a cogent system from there. Similarly in art, you should have an idea that's valuable in and of itself -- and when I say idea, that may just mean an emotional impression. I'm using the word fairly liberally here. I don't have a rubric for it.

That said, I did use references in my latest work, the AI performance piece I have ongoing right now called The Artist Is Absent. The title is a reference to Marina Abramović, who has a performance piece called The Artist Is Present.

In Utero — Kevin Esherick

Will: The idea—

Kevin Esherick: —in the first place had nothing to do with Marina. It had nothing to do with Tehching Hsieh, and nothing to do with Yves Klein. But those are all people I felt it had some resonance with, so I wanted to pay homage to them. It's a one-year-long durational performance, and Tehching Hsieh did a lot of that kind of work throughout his career -- the punch cards, living in a cage for a year. At one point he stopped making art altogether for thirteen years and called that a thirteen-year art performance. I can talk more about the nature of my piece later if you want, but it has a spiritual dimension to it, and a humor and a bombastic nature -- hence the Klein reference.

I don't reference any of that in the work itself, only in the tweet announcing it. Marina is referenced in the work itself -- I thought it was a great cheeky pun I couldn't resist. But I referenced Hsieh and Klein in the tweet partly because these are artists I really love and would love to see more people in our world discover. They're not artists we typically draw on in the digital art world, so I wanted those names out there.

Will: We'll get to your upcoming work toward the end, but I wanted to ask one more thing first. On your Substack, you recently wrote a piece about MangleCore. I'm not really big into AI art at all, particularly the MangleCore stuff -- the reason I'm bringing it up is that a lot of what you said in your piece about generative art could just as easily apply to MangleCore right now. It's the AI du jour. A lot of people are making it, and it's selling far better than any generative art right now.

Kevin Esherick: Which is still way, way less than it was in 2021. Still way low.

Will: Right, if this is its 2021 moment, it's nowhere near what that was. But I want to invite you to talk about whether you feel AI art, or this particular genre, is more insulated from the issues you've pointed out in generative art. From my perspective, it's like, okay, we've got MangleCore on the beach, MangleCore in the town, MangleCore in the car -- and there's nothing to me there. I know this will offend a lot of people, but it feels kind of empty in a lot of ways. It's just the machine making something look weird, and people assign value to it because there's an extra finger or an extra eye. So what? Tell me, Kevin -- what are you liking about it? What do you feel is so promising about it? And are you afraid of it becoming overdone, since it can be infinitely made, just like generative art? It's arguably a discipline of generative art in some ways.

In Utero — Kevin Esherick

Kevin Esherick: Yeah, depending on how we're scoping that term -- for the sake of the essay, I drilled in on a very specific meaning: long-form algorithmic generative crypto art. That term itself is a contentious matter people are wrestling with right now.

For those who don't know, MangleCore is a term I've used for a genre of AI art that is, at least historically, a byproduct of the shortcomings of AI models -- especially early on with DALL-E 2 and early Stable Diffusion. When those models handled human or animal figures, they produced these really distorted forms -- extra fingers, extra toes, messed-up faces. A mangled, distorted look to the human figure. I wrote that essay back in February, and even since then the market has changed substantially. March through May we saw a lot of projects released under that umbrella. As with most art forms, I still don't like most of it. Not all AI art is MangleCore, and AI art more broadly is having a moment right now -- which holds true for some MangleCore work too. My favorite MangleCore piece released this year was Thomas Noya's Total Recall, which you mentioned.

Will: We've mentioned it a lot -- we did a project with Thomas, he's a friend of the show, he's been on the show. But that one, I could see what he was trying to do and what he was trying to comment on. Whereas with some others, it just feels like weirdness for the sake of weirdness, and people are losing their minds over it.

Kevin Esherick: What do you get from Thomas's piece? What do you like about it?

Will: I thought he captured the voyeurism that comes with celebrity, and being the subject of images constantly being captured. It was also interesting that he used the fact that the model probably has so many images of that particular celebrity -- Tom Cruise -- that he was able to create something so accurate. The models really aren't supposed to let you do that, so it's testing the boundaries, pushing them to do things they're not supposed to do. In this case, getting an almost one-to-one, pristine resemblance of him. And the choice to go nude or near nude with it was really interesting too.

Kevin Esherick: I think it's also just a funny project.

Total Recall — Thomas Noya

Will: It was also very funny. I think it started that way, but it's interesting on a lot of levels, even though it's not as conventionally beautiful on its face as some other work that's been made. In the wider AI landscape, I immediately hit on a couple things and thought, okay, I see what he's trying to do here, I can see intention behind it. Whereas with some other things, I don't see as much intention, or it's not as evident to me.

Kevin Esherick: I think the nudity and the choice of Tom Cruise both feed into this sense of vainglory and fame. Tom Cruise feels like the apotheosis of the self-indulgent, vain celebrity to me. And yet there's also this thing about the way his face and body are ever-present, this voyeurism where nothing is hidden from us, the audience. I thought Thomas captured that perfectly. He's some of my favorite, if not my favorite, among this body of work.

That's because MangleCore escapes a lot of the trappings of the critique I made of generative art -- not that it isn't having its own market moment, with people buying stuff that's overproduced and dumb, but it starts from the convenient position that the formal constraints of the genre are already saying something human that matters to us. We see our bodies re-represented in this distorted and striking way, and that right off the bat says something. It speaks to feelings of alienation and surreality and the strangeness of contemporary life in a very natural way -- that's just the immediate tone of a MangleCore work. I think those themes are very appropriate to this moment. The world just feels so fucking weird right now.

We live in this hypermedia environment where disparate bits of information are colliding on our timelines, everything coming together and apart at the same time. None of it makes sense, yet it's all one thing. The distortion of the human form is a good way to approach that subject matter.

But it's also more of a niche than generative art. After a certain number of projects, the genre dries up. Only so many projects can do that distorted-human-body-as-AI-error thing -- it's a narrower genre than algorithmically created art, so there's less leeway until the well runs dry. That's maybe started happening in some pockets, but I think there's good work still to be done. Not really my place to make it, but I saw a collection recently focused on minority experience -- different sexualities, the realities of trans life, the way people feel alienated from the rest of society. That can be very naturally represented through this art form, and I'd like to see more of it. A lot of the stuff that's just throwing distortion on there because it makes things look cool and hardcore is a waste of what the genre can do.

So it has this natural propensity to say something meaningful about this moment in particular, and that's a product of its specificity. The specificity is both a strength and a weakness -- there's only so much that can be done with it, but it says something more pointed from the get-go. It can't be created in quite the same way algorithmic art can. With algorithmic art, you create your algorithm to produce a diversity of works, and once it's built, you can press render ad infinitum and make infinitely many pieces.

Total Recall — Thomas Noya

It doesn't work that way with AI art, even though it has a similar generative nature where you can click to create. All of these works from Thomas's collection -- and basically any collection you'll see -- are handcrafted, requiring a lot of work beyond the prompt, beyond whatever control nets are used to structure it. It's still very much a hand-created piece, and with some literacy in how these works are made, you can feel that. It shows in the collection sizes -- for the most part we're not seeing anything touching 1,000 or 10,000 pieces. Some have pushed a little too high, and I think they should be wary of that.

A lot of the stuff I've seen since I wrote the article wastes the genre's natural capacities -- doesn't use its unique characteristics to do something cool and meaningful, and instead it's just "distorted forms look cool." MangleCore cars, MangleCore streets -- that's become a trope. So in some ways it encounters many of the same risks as generative art; in others it escapes them. It's a different thing.

I certainly didn't write that piece expecting MangleCore to have a multi-year lifespan. Generative art has a multi-year, multi-decade lifespan -- I think we'll see good generative art made for decades to come. MangleCore is much more of this moment. It won't really make sense to make it 10 years from now, because it has its roots in technological shortcomings circa 2022. Even though Thomas's work isn't purely a product of those shortcomings -- he could make a perfect Tom Cruise if he wanted to, this is a deliberate choice -- the idea began there. I think it has a few years to build on those themes, but 10 years from now, if this stuff is still being made, I don't know why we'd be paying attention to it -- it wouldn't tie reasonably to its historical roots. Feelings of alienation and dehumanization aren't going anywhere, but we'll have an expanded visual vocabulary to express them. The distorted figure won't disappear and can still be used impactfully -- there's a very natural emotional response to seeing it -- but as an ascendant genre, I don't think that will be the case in several years.

Will: What are you going to do if your artist LLM just starts cranking out MangleCore because you talked about it on this podcast or on your Substack? Let's talk about this project. You announced it -- we mentioned it already -- The Artist Is Absent. You put a nicely typed letter, a JPEG, up on Twitter. You're training an LLM on your writing and the concepts behind your art pieces, and once the model can credibly produce work indistinguishable from your own voice and vision, you're going to hand over all production of your work to the model for a year. How do you even start doing this?

Kevin Esherick: It starts with the idea. I don't want to say too much about where I'm at with the process -- I'm actually considering not telling anyone when the period is taking place.

Will: Have we already started? Does the letter mark the beginning?

Total Recall — Thomas Noya

Kevin Esherick: That's the question, right?

Was Generative Anesthetics written by my personal LLM? I don't know -- well, I do know, but I'm going to abide in that mystery for now and maybe say more later.

In terms of technical matters, the process involves fine-tuning LLMs on my writing, which is difficult, and on my concepts. I have a fat document in my iPhone Notes app of art ideas -- thousands of ideas I've had for pieces, collections, performances, whatever -- and training the model to produce from those. The initial declaration was really just me letting the world know I'm setting out on this endeavor, marking the conceptual territory and sparking some thinking and discussion.

The reason I'm doing this is that over the next several years we're going to be reckoning with the loss of a lot of what feels special to us because of AI. Jobs will be lost. People's passions will be surpassed by AI -- things you do for fun, laborious chores you do in your personal life, AI will do better. It's whittling down the things we thought were uniquely and creatively ours. At first we thought AI could never beat us at chess -- that happened in the '90s. Then Jeopardy -- that was around 2011. Then, okay, it can't paint -- well, bad news, diffusion models can generate images, and you and I both know people at Matter Labs who have machines that paint oil on canvas. It's starting to do damn near everything we can do, and it's getting close to not exactly thinking for us, but thinking in place of us. That's really scary and going to be really hard for many people. I want to confront that reality before we're adrift in it, so we have some chance to prepare and cope. I've already met people who've lost their jobs to ChatGPT and GPT-4. A lot of the resistance to AI art is people feeling there's a lack of craft around it, which is understandable, but a lot of people also feel genuinely threatened -- graphic designers saying we need protective laws to keep this from coming for our jobs. There's real unrest and angst over this, and I want to serve as a kind of vanguard, confronting it directly. My writing really matters to me. My art really matters to me. Turning those things over to AI is a real loss, and a year of that terrifies me. It remains to be seen publicly whether I'll actually be able to do it, but I think these are themes we need to confront.

There's an idea I've been thinking about recently: conspicuous absence. I tweeted about this, piggybacking off The Artist Is Absent, but also off Lily Iloh's collection from earlier this year, Plans for Future Forms, which renders absence as a kind of presence. She takes AI-generated images of human figures in chairs, then uses AI again to erase the figures from the image. What's left behind is this uncannily distorted image of a chair where you can still see the imprint of the thing that was there -- in some, you can see the shadow of the figure that once sat in it. Her collection is meditating on what we're losing to AI, as well as some personal losses in her life, as her father, himself an artist and architect, ages.

Similarly, there's the painter Titus Kaphar, who has done paintings -- one of my favorites shows Black mothers braiding their daughters' hair, and one of the daughters is excised from the painting, just a white space left behind. That was really poignant to me.

Total Recall — Thomas Noya

These two pieces are like a conspicuous absence mirroring Marina Abramović's conspicuous presence in The Artist Is Present, where the artwork was simply her presence -- she sat with people at MoMA. For those who haven't seen it, definitely worth looking up. There's a documentary, but also a short YouTube clip that's pretty touching -- it involves her former lover of many years, Ulay, with whom she had this insanely romantic yet tumultuous connection and creative partnership. He shows up, and it's pretty moving. I'd check it out. Anyways, the project was about sitting with this theme of an absence that's going to make itself known to us in the years to come. We're going to need to figure out some way to grapple with the significant changes it's going to bring to our society. For me, and I hope for a lot of other people, part of that is learning to fall in love with certain elements of our lives. If AI is coming for the things that make us useful, we might need to reconsider whether we need to feel useful to survive. Right now, feeling useful and productive to society gives a lot of people meaning — it gives me a lot of meaning. I feel valuable on account of being able to contribute to others' lives. That's true for so many people, and AI is going to undermine a lot of it. What makes me useful if AI can do the same thing instantaneously, twice as good, and in my voice, no less? If an LLM can write what I want to write in my voice ten times as fast as I can, then I'm cooked on a pragmatic front.

It's going to become increasingly important to figure out what we truly love doing for its own sake, and to structure our lives around those things. Writing is one of those things for me — as much as I also hate it, I love the feeling of wrestling with these things in my brain and figuring them out for myself. Even if my LLM can write pieces better than I can, I think I'll still want to write the things on my mind, for the exercise of doing so. I think we're going to be looking at how to approach that question across our lives in many different ways over the next decade or so.

That was the initial flagpost for this endeavor — why it took the simple form of a letter, in a typewriter font, with this antiquated, old-timey human feel, and yet pointing to these unknown futures. There will be more public works to come spawning from that project. I'm not going to talk about them yet, but I'll be releasing things that build on the prospect of The Artist Is Absent. No timeline on those yet. I also have some other stuff coming up that has nothing to do with that project.

Will: Well, assuming you do pull it off and get a year off from truly creating, you can join us in Hearthstone. We can make a gamer out of you.

Kevin Esherick: Are you a Hearthstone guy?

Will: Oh yeah, we talk about it at the end of every episode these days.

Total Recall — Thomas Noya

Kevin Esherick: I don't think I've ever played, but my cousin was into it a few years ago — he's a gamer guy, so I've watched him play. I remember some creature that reminded me of the Stranger Things monster, the Demogorgon or whatever.

Will: There's some Cthulhu-looking stuff from one of the sets a while back. Probably one of those.

Kevin Esherick: Honestly, I really miss video games. I was a big gamer as a kid.

Will: Did you play Magic: The Gathering?

Kevin Esherick: Yeah, more so, though it's been a minute. I was like seven when I was playing that, so I don't remember much — I think my parents ended up telling us to stop playing because it was "some heathen shit."

Will: Satanic.

Total Recall — Thomas Noya

Kevin Esherick: Yeah, I don't think they actually stopped us, but they were like, "yo, that's kind of sus." I never played it seriously — I think my older brother got more into that. I was into Pokémon as a kid, Yu-Gi-Oh for sure. Then video games: I had a big COD era, I was a RuneScape kid for a little while. I wanted to play in Call of Duty tournaments, actually — I was playing somewhat competitively. I always got told, "these are wasted hours, you're going to regret this," but I cherish the days in summer 2011 — or maybe it was 2012 — playing Black Ops for three hours a day. I look fondly on those times, being on game battles with friends, spending time with them. There was a real feeling of craft, of learning to develop a skill, that I still value. I'm not sure I'll ever return to a true video game era — I had a brief return with Rocket League at some point — but I'll play some Hearthstone with you.

Will: We'll see. We'll get you on.

Kevin Esherick: Try and suck me in.

Will: We'll train you up, and that's how we'll know the LLM's fully taken over.

Kevin Esherick: When I say yes to that, it means I've had some free time to go pursue those things. It'll be my little signal to you.

Will: All right, Kevin, I think we should wrap it up — I know we're at time. Thank you again for coming on, hope you had a good time. We'll link to all your work and writing below for anyone who wants to learn more about you and consider collecting. We look forward to seeing what you do next.

Total Recall — Thomas Noya

Kevin Esherick: Appreciate it. Great chat — the time kind of flew here.

Will: It does, right?

Kevin Esherick: I appreciate all the questions, letting me talk my talk and clarify where I felt I needed to. Good chatting with you.

Will: I'll see you soon.

Kevin Esherick: All right, thanks, Kevin.

Will: Bye.

Total Recall — Thomas Noya

Kevin Esherick: All right, peace. We're waiting to be signed.

Change log

  • Initial transcript — auto-transcribed (AssemblyAI) and readability-edited.